Biological analysis of woodpecker’s brain after impact experiments  

作　　者：XU Peng NI YiKun LIU JingLong ZHANG WeiRong LIU SiJian WANG LiZhen FAN YuBo 

机构地区：[1]Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education,Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering,School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering,Beihang University,Beijing 100083,China

出　　处：《Science China(Technological Sciences)》2021年第5期1101-1106,共6页中国科学（技术科学英文版）

基　　金：supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11822201,11421202)。

摘　　要：Woodpeckers can withstand a fierce impact during pecking.Previous studies have focused on the biomechanical analysis of the pecking process,the properties of the beak and hyoid bone of woodpecker;however,the biological characteristics of the woodpecker brain are also important in resisting impact injuries.We employed impact experiments and biological analysis in normal and injured brains to reveal the impact-resistant biological characteristics of woodpecker brains,as well as the impact energy’s biological effects on the woodpecker brain.The hoopoe,which has a similar size but only a slight pecking behavior,was selected as the control group to compare brain morphology and neuronal cells differences in normal brains between woodpecker and hoopoe by sectioning and staining.A loading device was designed to conduct a quantifiable impact energy to the woodpeckers’head.Four groups of woodpeckers were impacted with the same energy on the forehead,beak,tempus and occiput,respectively.Biological changes in the injured brains were evaluated by Nissl staining and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The results showed that:(1)woodpeckers had a larger cerebellum and a higher density of Nissl bodies than hoopoe;(2)Nissl apoptosis appeared in the brain samples after the forehead and the occiput impact experiments,but no obvious Nissl body apoptosis was observed after impact on the tempus and the beak;(3)β-amyloid protein accumulated in the normal status woodpecker brain.This study reveals that:woodpecker brain morphology is well-adapted to impact,woodpecker heads display location-dependent protective performance,with beak and tempus regions having a better protective performance than the forehead and occiput,Nissl apoptosis appears in injured woodpecker brains,and that the accumulation ofβ-amyloid protein does not show a direct relationship with the injury state of woodpecker’s brain tissue in our study.

关 键 词：WOODPECKER BIOMECHANICS impact experiments impact resistance biological analysis 

分 类 号：Q66[生物学—生物物理学]