新冠病毒肺炎防控的通风策略:潜力与挑战  

Ventilation Strategies for Prevention and Control of COVID-19:Potentials and Challenges

作　　者：徐春雯 刘文冰 迟进华[1] 魏雄雄 XU Chunwen;LIU Wenbing;CHI Jinhua;WEI Xiongxiong(College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering,China University of Petroleum(East China),Qingdao 266580,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(华东)储运与建筑工程学院,山东青岛266580

出　　处：《建筑科学》2021年第4期135-142,共8页Building Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金“高人员密度空间个性化通风对空气感染干预特性及人体微环境营造方法研究”(51808555);中央高校自主创新项目“居住建筑空间冠状病毒传播空气动力学机理及控制技术研究”(XZY032020029)。

摘　　要：通风是控制空气感染病室内传播的重要手段。本文对比了几种较具疾控潜力的通风策略,其中包括传统的稀释通风以及4种发展中的通风策略,分析了其在降低室内空气感染方面的效果以及存在的问题,旨在对目前全球流行的新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)室内通风防控策略的制定提供参考。研究表明,气流组织方式直接影响病原体的空气传播途径及其室内分布特性。稀释通风以稀释整个房间的病原体浓度为目标,而个性化通风、局部通风、分布保护通风、层式通风等高效通风方式则更侧重局部通风效率的改善。发展先进的防疫通风策略对防控新冠疫情以及新的空气传播疾病具有重要意义,气流组织的优化和评价体系的完善是今后研究的重点。Ventilation is an important measure to control indoor transmission of infectious disease. This paper compares several ventilation strategies with disease control potentials,including traditional diluting ventilation and four developing ventilation strategies. The effects and problems in reducing indoor air transmission of these ventilation strategies are analyzed,aiming at providing reference for the prevention and control of the ongoing novel coronavirus pneumonia( COVID-19). The results show that the air transmission of pathogens was directly affected by the air distribution patterns. The goal of dilution ventilation is to dilute the overall pathogen concentration in the whole room,while the efficient ventilation methods such as personalized ventilation,local ventilation,distributed protection ventilation and stratum ventilation are more focused on the improvement of local ventilation efficiency. It is of great significance to develop advanced ventilation strategies for COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control and other new airborne diseases. The optimization of air distribution and the improvement of evaluation index system are the main focuses of future research.

关 键 词：通风 稀释 气流组织 空气传播疾病 风险控制 

分 类 号：TU831[建筑科学—供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程]