法律漏洞的司法识别  

Judicial Cognizance of Legal Loopholes

作　　者：曹磊[1] CAO Lei

机构地区：[1]山东师范大学、济南市中级人民法院,山东济南250000

出　　处：《济南大学学报（社会科学版）》2021年第3期22-29,157,共9页Journal of University of Jinan:Social Science Edition

基　　金：2019年司法部项目“人工智能背景下类案检索的困境与突破”(项目编号:19SFB2004)阶段性成果;山东师范大学法治文化与话语比较研究创新团队研究成果。

摘　　要：实证研究表明,法律漏洞因具有流动性而存在模糊空间,在一些疑难案件中法律漏洞的有无存在很大争议。法律漏洞识别的准确与否直接关乎判决结果的正误,必须给予认真对待。归纳并设定法律漏洞识别的程序与标准,依托程序理性实现漏洞评判形式上的统一,成为解决此难题的现实路径。通常情况下,如果待决案件中原告诉求的利益,法律应当给予但实际上未给予或未给予妥当的保护,此时,如果运用法律解释方法仍然无法修复法律欠缺或以规范冲突选择规则无法进行选用,则应当认定法律出现漏洞。规则悖反漏洞较为特殊,因为法律对待决利益给予了保护,其自形式上并不存在漏洞,只是规则在待决案件适用中出现了不正义的结论而可能失去被遵守的价值,此时,则应依照拉德布鲁赫公式确定结论违反正义是否达“不可容忍的程度”,以判断是否出现规则悖反漏洞。Empirical research shows that legal loopholes can be vague because of their liquidity. In some difficult cases, whether there are legal loopholes is controversial. The accuracy of the identification and determination of legal loopholes is directly related to the correctness of the verdict, which must be taken seriously. To solve this problem,summing up and setting up the procedures and standards for legal loophole identification, and realizing uniform loophole evaluation through procedural rationality have become the practical path. Under normal circumstances, if interests of the plaintiff claimed in a pending case should be given by the law but in fact are not given or not properly protected, and at the same time legal interpretation is still unable to mend such faults of the law or regulation through conflict rules doesn’t work, it should be considered that there are loopholes in the law. The legal loophole of rule paradox is special, because the law protects pending interests, and there is no loophole in its form. It is just that the application of the rule in a pending case leads to an unjust conclusion, which means the rule may lose its value of being observed. In such cases, we should determine whether the conclusion violates justice to an "intolerable degree" according to the Radbruch formula, so as to judge whether there is a legal loophole of rule paradox.

关 键 词：法律漏洞 漏洞识别 规则悖反 拉德布鲁赫公式 

分 类 号：D901[政治法律—法学理论]