微咸水灌溉对盐碱土水盐运移的影响  

Effect of brackishwater content on water and salt transport law in saline-alkali soil irrigation

作　　者：张盼盼 赵慧[3] 荣昊 ZHANG Panpan;ZHAO Hui;RONG Hao(Institute of Land Engineering&Technology,Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co.,Ltd,Xi'an 710075,China;Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co.,Ltd,Xi'an 710075,China;China Water Resources Beifang Investigation,Design&Research Co.Ltd,Tianjin 300222,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西地建土地工程技术研究院有限责任公司,陕西西安710075 [2]陕西省土地工程建设集团有限责任公司,陕西西安710075 [3]中水北方勘测设计研究有限责任公司,天津300222

出　　处：《人民长江》2021年第5期198-202,208,共6页Yangtze River

基　　金：教育部国家外国专家局高等学校学科创新引智计划“111计划”项目(B08039)。

摘　　要：中国淡水资源短缺,微咸水资源储量丰富,合理利用微咸水是缓解水资源短缺的重要举措之一。为了研究微咸水灌溉对盐碱土土壤水盐运移的影响,进行了室内土柱一维微咸水入渗试验,对比了不同矿化度微咸水对盐碱土土壤水盐运移的影响。结果表明:微咸水灌溉条件下,Kostiakov模型可以较好地模拟土壤入渗率随时间的变化规律;土壤入渗能力与灌溉水矿化度成正比;土壤累积入渗量与湿润锋推进距离具有良好的线性关系;不同矿化度条件下,土壤脱盐深度为15~18 cm,脱Na^(+)深度为15~16 cm,脱Cl^(-)深度为22~23 cm,且均与矿化度水平成反比;随着灌溉水矿化度的增加,积盐区各土层含水率、含盐量及其Na^(+)、Cl^(-)浓度总体上逐渐增大,但脱盐区差异不明显。研究表明微咸水灌溉对盐渍化土壤的水盐分布具有一定程度的影响。In China,fresh water resources are deficient but brackish water resources are rich.Reasonable utilization of brackish water is one of the important measures to alleviate the shortage of water resources.In order to study the effect of brackish water irrigation on water and salt transport in saline-alkali soils,a one-dimensional soil column brackish water infiltration experiment was conducted.The effects of brackish water with different salinity degrees on water and salt transport in saline-alkali soils were compared.The results showed that the Kostiakov model could better simulate the change of soil infiltration rate with time in brackish water irrigation;the soil infiltration capacity was directly proportional to the salinity of irrigation water;there was a good linear relationship between cumulative infiltration and the wetting front distance.Under different salinity conditions,the depth of soil desalination was about 15 to 18 cm,the depth of removing Na^(+)was 15 to16 cm,and the depth of removing Cl^(-)was 22 to 23 cm,all which were inversely proportional to the level of salinity.With the increase of the salinity of irrigation water,the contents of soil moisture,salt,Na^(+)and Cl^(-)in each soil layer gradually increased in the salt accumulation area,but the difference was not obvious in the desalination area.The results showed that brackish water irrigation has a certain effect on the distributions of water and salt in saline-alkali soils.

关 键 词：微咸水 水盐运移 矿化度 入渗试验 盐碱土 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学]