美国机动车产品管理制度的特点及发展趋势  

Characteristics and development trend of the management system of American motor vehicle products

作　　者：李方生 赵世佳 胡友波 LI Fangsheng;ZHAO Shijia;HU Youbo(Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Equipment Industry Development Center,Beijing 100846,China;National Automobile Quality Supervision and Test Center(Xiangyang),Xiangyang 441004,China)

机构地区：[1]工业和信息化部装备工业发展中心,北京100846 [2]国家汽车质量监督检验中心(襄阳),襄阳441004

出　　处：《科技导报》2021年第6期109-116,共8页Science & Technology Review

摘　　要：机动车产品管理对于保证产品质量、引导产业发展、规范企业管理、保障消费者权益等方面具有重要意义。梳理了美国机动车产品管理制度的安全自我认证和环保准入管理,阐述了主管部门的监管对象、主要职责、法律依据和基本流程等内容,分析了机动车管理制度监管体系、处罚手段、安全管理、召回体系等方面的突出特点。结合新近发展动向,从新冠肺炎疫情推动美国优化准入管理、环保准入管理趋于开放、智能网联汽车管理加快推进等方面,研判了美国机动车产品管理制度的发展趋势。The motor vehicle product management is of great significance for ensuring the product quality,guiding the industrial development,standardizing the corporate management,and protecting the consumer rights and interests.This paper makes a systematic review of the safety self-certification and the environmental protection access management of the motor vehicle product management system in the United States,focusing on the regulatory objects,the main responsibilities,the legal basis and the basic procedures of the competent authorities,as well as the main characteristics of the motor vehicle management system,such as the perfect supervision system,the severe punishment,and the safety management and the mature recall system.In combination with the latest development trends,the latest development trend of our motor vehicle product management system is analyzed from the aspects of how the COVID-19 epidemics promote the optimization of the access management in the US,how the environmental protection access management becomes more open,and how the intelligent internet-connected vehicle management is accelerated.

关 键 词：美国汽车产业 机动车产品管理 安全认证 环保准入 

分 类 号：F416.47[经济管理—产业经济]