临汾机场及周边区域鸟类时空变化及鸟撞防范分析  

Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Bird and Strike Preventive Measures Around Linfen Airport

作　　者：郭东龙[1] 弓慧琼 GUO Donglong;GONG Huiqiong(School of Life Science,Shanxi University,Taiyuan 030006,China)

机构地区：[1]山西大学生命科学学院,山西太原030006

出　　处：《山西大学学报（自然科学版）》2021年第2期367-378,共12页Journal of Shanxi University(Natural Science Edition)

摘　　要：2016年5月至2017年12月,通过对临汾机场生态环境及鸟情现状进行调查,共监测到108种鸟类,除家鸽之外,该区野生鸟类共17目41科107种,鸭科鸟种占优势。文章从临汾机场鸟类组成、区系组成、居留类型、食性、各生境鸟类多样性、季节动态规律、威胁等级等方面调查,结果表明:临汾机场调查样区属于古北界、华北区、黄土高原亚区;鸟类居留型以旅鸟、夏候鸟、留鸟为主,冬候鸟成分较少;食虫鸟类在种类上占优势,植食鸟类在数量上占绝对优势;全年鸟种在3-4月份和9月份出现两个迁徙高峰期,这与候鸟及旅鸟的迁徙有直接关系;鸟类活动频率在3-9月份维持在较高水平,鸟情较为严峻,需重点防范;本区分布的草地、人工林、农田、居住区、灌丛、湿地6种代表性生境类型中,鸟类数量以居民区最多,树麻雀等人类伴生种占比很大,鸟种丰富度以湿地最高,水鸟占比较大;各调查样区及库塘湿地鸟类种数和鸟类数量变化趋势一致,由高到低依次为C区>A区>B区>洰河水库>曲亭水库>涝河水库,其中A区机场跑道周边草坪面积最大,是鸟类理想的栖息地和觅食地,该区离机场较近,属于重点防范区域。基于调查数据的初步分析,将鸟类威胁等级分为严重危险、很危险、较危险和一般危险,建议重点防范极危险和很危险鸟种,并针对不同生态习性的鸟类提出相应的鸟击防范的建议。From May 2016 to December 2017, a total of 108 species of birds were investigated around the ecological environment and bird status of Linfen airport, Shanxi.In addition to domestic pigeons, the wild birds belonging to 17 orders 41 families, and the birds species of Anatidae were the dominant species.This paper studied the bird composition, avifauna, residence type, food habits,bird diversity among habitat types, seasonal dynamics and threat levels at Linfen airport.The results show that the Linfen airport survey sample area belongs to the Palaearctic region in North China Loess Plateau subregion;the residence type of birds is mainly for traveling birds, summer migrant birds and resident birds, less winter migrant birds.The insectivorous birds is the largest in the size of population.The herbivorous birds is the largest in the number of species.The annual bird species have two migration peaks from March to April and September, which are directly related to migration of migrant birds and travelling birds;the frequency of bird activity is maintained at a high level from March to September, and the situation of birds is severe, which needs to be focused on prevention;There are six typical habitat types of grassland, artificial forest, farmland, residential area, shrub and wetland in the investigation area of Linfen Airport.Human-associated species such as sparrows account for a large proportion of the number of birds in residential areas which the number of birds is the largest among the six habitat types, while the waterfowl accounts for a large proportion of birds species in wetland which the birds species is the highest among the six habitat types.The change trend of species and bird numbers among various investigation subareas of Linfen airport and the pond wetland is consistent, from highest to lowest,the range of the research area is area C > area A > area B > Juhe reservoir > Quting reservoir > Laohe reservoir.Area A has the largest lawn area that is the ideal habitat and foraging place for birds compared wit

关 键 词：临汾机场 鸟类区系 时空变化 鸟击防治 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]