“并力作于山”:生存空间拓展、水资源利用与清前中期屯溪村落的空间分布演变(1693—1823)  

Make Joint Efforts to Develop Mountainous Areas:the Expansion of Living Space,the Utilization of Water Resources and Spatial Distribution Evolution of Tunxi Villages in the Early and Middle Qing Dynasty(1693-1823)

作　　者：卢东 王开队 LU Dong;WANG Kai-dui(Center for Hui Studies,Anhui University,Hefei 230039)

机构地区：[1]安徽大学徽学研究中心,安徽合肥230039

出　　处：《中国农史》2021年第2期88-102,共15页Agricultural History of China

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“明清徽州乡村聚落的时空演变及其机制研究”(20BZS122);安徽大学文科学术创新团队“数字人文与徽学研究”;安徽大学文科重大科研培育项目“徽州区域历史地理综合研究”。

摘　　要：随着清前中期社会经济的持续发展,人地关系亦日益紧张,新作物栽培技术的成熟和推广等,使得以农业耕作为表征的地域开发更为深化,而生存空间的拓展则在一定程度上引起了乡村聚落体系的空间分布变化。在人地矛盾较为突出的形势下,徽州府屯溪周边的山地和丘陵间的大量水利设施随之修建,因而成为府域内人口迁移的重要方向,由此改变了明代以来屯溪一带的村落空间分布格局。至道光时屯溪村落呈现出阶梯状的层级展开和条带状的分布态势。从清前中期屯溪村落的空间分布演变过程来看,其演变趋向显示出较强的稳定性,因人口繁衍而产生的生存空间拓展需求是村落空间分布演变的主要推动力量,而不同环境下的水利行为对村落空间形态及其分布也有着重要影响。With the continuous development of the social economy in the early and middle Qing Dynasty,the relationship between people and geographical environment had become increasingly tense.Moeover,the advancement of new crop cultivation techniques had promoted the regional development characterized by agricultural cultivation,and the expansion of agricultural areas had been to a certain extent,which caused a change in the spatial distribution of the rural settlement system.In order to alleviate the contradiction between people and geographical environment,a large number of water conservancy facilities had been built in the mountains and hills surrounding Tunxi,Huizhou Prefecture.As a result,it became an important direction of population migration in Huizhou Prefecture,which changed the spatial distribution pattern of villages in Tunxi area since Ming Dynasty.During the reign of Emperor Daoguang,Tunxi Villages showed a ladder like hierarchical expansion and strip-shaped distribution.From the process,the paper found the evolution trend showed a strong stability,the demanding for living space expansion due to the population reproduction was the main driving force for the evolution of villages spatial distribution.And the Water conservancy behaviors in different environments also had an important impact on the spatial form and distribution of the villages.

关 键 词：屯溪 村落 人地关系 水资源利用 空间分布 

分 类 号：S-09[农业科学] K207[历史地理—历史学]