高等植物类胡萝卜素生物合成研究进展  

An Overview of Carotenoids Biosynthesis in Higher Plants

作　　者：王紫璇 李佳佳 于旭东[1] 蔡泽坪[1] 罗佳佳 徐芷蕙[1] Wang Zixuan;Li Jiajia;Yu Xudong;Cai Zeping;Luo Jiajia;Xu Zhihui(Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Omamental Plants,Ministry of Education,College of Forestry,Hainan University,Haikou,570228;Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Haik ou,571101;College of Tropical Crops,Hainan University,Haikou,570228)

机构地区：[1]海南大学林学院,热带特色林木花卉遗传与种质创新教育部重点实验室,海口570228 [2]中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所,海口571101 [3]海南大学热带作物学院,海口570228

出　　处：《分子植物育种》2021年第8期2627-2637,共11页Molecular Plant Breeding

基　　金：海南省自然科学基金(319MS017);海南大学科研启动基金项目(kyqd1620);海南大学国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(SA2000008501)共同资助。

摘　　要：类胡萝卜素是以类异戊二烯为基础单位聚合而成的萜类化合物。在高等植物中,类胡萝卜素具有吸收光能并传递给叶绿素a,辅助植物进行光合作用的功能。此外叶黄素还具有缓解眼睛疲劳以及预防老年性黄斑变性的作用。以乙酰辅酶A (acetyl coenzyme A, Acetyl-CoA)和甘油醛3-磷酸(Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate)为起点,到生成牻牛儿基牻牛儿基焦磷酸(geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, GGPP)的生物合成过程有18个步骤,涉及16种酶催化反应。由GGPP到胡萝卜素和叶黄素有16个步骤,涉及10种酶催化反应。在高等植物体内类胡萝卜素的合成除受光、氧气、营养物质等外部条件影响外,也受其内在基因调控。本研究从类胡萝卜素的种类、合成途径以及合成过程的调控三大方面来概述有关高等植物类胡萝卜素合成的最新研究进展。为深入研究类胡萝卜素提供理论背景,同时也为其在食品、工业、医学、美妆等领域的进一步广泛应用提供具体科学依据。Carotenoids are terpenoids which are polymerized from isoprenoid based units. In higher plants,carotenoids absorb light energy and transfer it to chlorophyll A to assist photosynthesis. In addition, lutein can relieve eye fatigue and prevent age-related macular degeneration. There are 18 steps from acetyl coenzyme A(Acetyl-COA) and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to the production of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate(GGPP), involving 16 enzyme catalyzed reactions. There are 16 steps from GGPP to carotene and lutein, involving 10 enzymatic reactions. The synthesis of carotenoids in higher plants is not only affected by external conditions such as light,oxygen and nutrients, but also regulated by its internal genes. In this paper, the latest research progress of carotenoids synthesis in higher plants was summarized from three aspects: types, synthesis pathways and regulation of synthesis process. It provides the theoretical background for the in-depth study of carotenoids, and also provides the specific scientific basis for its further application in the fields of food, industry, medicine, beauty makeup, etc.

关 键 词：类胡萝卜素 酶基因 高等植物 生物合成 

分 类 号：Q945[生物学—植物学]