引种泡核桃开花动态及花粉活力和柱头可授性分析  

Research on Floral Dynamics, Pollen Viability and Stigma Receptivity of Introduced Juglans sigillata

作　　者：刘天凤 李莹 谢伟东[1] 李在留[1] 黄琼 中山圣子 Liu Tianfeng;Li Ying;Xie Weidong;Li Zailiu;Huang Qiong;Nakayama Seiko(College of Forestry,Guangxi University,Nanning,530004)

机构地区：[1]广西大学林学院,南宁530004

出　　处：《分子植物育种》2021年第8期2758-2767,共10页Molecular Plant Breeding

基　　金：广西创新驱动发展专项资金项目(桂科AA17204058)资助。

摘　　要：为探讨开花过程雌、雄蕊成熟期及育性对引种泡核桃结实的影响,以环江县思恩镇引种的两个泡核桃品种‘云新14号’和‘漾濞大泡’为试材,观测两者雌、雄花开花动态和雌花落花情况,测定雄花花粉活力和雌花柱头可授性,并对后者雌花落花胚珠发育进行解剖观察。结果表明,(1)两个引种泡核桃品种花芽能正常生长萌动形成花序,群体花期均在3月下旬至4月上旬,持续14~16 d,雌、雄花开花进程正常,开花类型均接近同时型,且散粉期与柱头可授期重叠8 d,可相互授粉。(2)两个品种雄花不同开花期花粉活力差异显著,自即将散粉期起花粉活力就达60%以上,散粉盛期花粉活力最高,分别高达91.74%和94.69%;雌花不同发育期柱头可授性不同,其中‘云新14号’柱头为"八"型期时,可授性最强,‘漾濞大泡’柱头为反卷期时,可授性最强,为最佳授粉期。(3)‘云新14号’和‘漾濞大泡’雌花在整个花期都存在落花现象,累计落花率分别高达99.58%和84.90%,‘云新14号’分别在盛花期和末花期出现落花大、小高峰期,而‘漾濞大泡’则分别在末花期和初花期出现落花大、小高峰期。(4)‘漾濞大泡’脱落的雌花胚珠萎缩败育,而正常的雌花胚珠呈明显的膨大生长。综上表明,落花是两个品种结实率低、果实产量低的主要原因,大量落花与胚珠萎缩败育有关,后续有必要针对落花问题系统开展自花授粉、品种间授粉、落花机理及人工调节保花促果的研究。In order to explore the effects of flowering process, mature period and fertility of pistil and stamen on seed setting of introduced Juglans sigillata, J. sigillata cv. ’Yangbi dapao’ and J. sigillata×J. regia cv. ’Yun-xin No.14’ introduced from Yunnan to Si’en Town, Huanjiang County were used as test materials. The flowering dynamics and female flower falling were observed. Pollen viability and stigma receptivity were studied, and anatomical structure of ovule development were also observed on abscission female flowers of ’Yangbi dapao’. The results were as follows:(1) The flower buds of the two cultivars could grow and sprout normally to form inflorescences,the florescence of their population was from late March to early April and lasted 14~16 days. Their flowering process of female and male was normal, and the flowering types were almost simultaneous. Their pollen dispersal period met with their stigmas receptible period for 8 days and they could pollinate each other.(2) The pollen viability of the two varieties was significantly differe nt in different blooming stages. Their pollens viability was over 60% at the early stage of pollen dispersal, and reached the highest of 91.74% and 94.69% respectively at the full stage of pollen dispersal. The stigma receptivity of the two varieties was different in different growth stages.When the stigma of ’Yun-xin No.14’ was in the eight-shaped stage and ’Yangbi dapao’ was on the rolling stage,their receptivity of stigmas to be pollinated was the strongest, which was the best pollination stage.(3) The phenomenon of falling flowers was serious in the whole female flowering period of ’Yun-xin No.14’ and ’Yangbi dapao’, with the cumulative falling rate of 99.58% and 84.90% respectively. The full flowering period and the end of the flowering period respectively were big and small peak of ’Yun-xin No.14’, but the end of the flowering period and the initial flowering period respectively were big and small peak of ’Yangbi dapao’.(4) ’Yangb

关 键 词：‘云新14号’泡核桃 ‘漾濞大泡’核桃 开花动态 花粉活力 柱头可授性 

分 类 号：S664.1[农业科学—果树学]