刑事责任年龄刑法规制比较研究  

A Comparative Study of the Criminal Law System Criminal Regulation of the Age of Criminal Responsibility

作　　者：于阳[1] 周丽宁 Yu Yang;Zhou Lining(Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072)

机构地区：[1]天津大学,天津300072

出　　处：《警学研究》2021年第2期79-94,共16页Police Science Research

基　　金：于阳主持的2016年度国家社科重大项目“我国刑法修正的理论模型与制度实践研究”子课题四“刑法修正视野下的刑法改革与制度实践研究”的阶段性研究成果,项目编号:16ZDA061。

摘　　要：当下,未达刑事责任年龄人严重违法行为干预的缺失,引发学界对我国刑事责任年龄制度的关注。刑事责任年龄制度的调整直接关系到罪错少年的处遇范围,进而影响青少年违法犯罪行为的防控效果。通过对域外刑事责任年龄的刑法规制进行比较分析,发现我国当前的刑事责任年龄下限设置相对合理,但相对负刑事责任年龄制度在司法实践操作中的灵活性明显不足,未成年人刑事责任承担方式存在缺陷。针对上述问题,应当借鉴域外经验并结合我国实际情况,坚持以14周岁为基础、以12周岁为例外的刑事责任年龄下限,为处在14周岁至16周岁的相对负刑事责任的犯罪人提供更多的出罪机会,同时从刑罚方式与非刑罚处罚方式两方面入手对当前刑事责任承担方式进行调整。Nowadays, the lack of intervention in serious illegal acts by persons under the age of criminal responsibility has aroused attention to China’s age system of criminal responsibility.The criminal responsibility age systemis directly related to the scope of punishment of juveniles who have committed crimes and affects the effectiveness of prevention and control of juvenile crimes. Through a comparison outside the territory, it is found that the current minimum age of criminal responsibility is relatively reasonable, but the system has insufficient flexibility in judicial practice, and there are defects in the way minors assume criminal responsibility. For these, we should draw on foreign experience and combine with the actual situation in China,adhere to the minimum age of criminal responsibility based on 14 years of age with the exception of 12 years of age, and provide more opportunities for criminals who are between 14 and 16 years old who are relatively criminally responsible, and adjust the current methods of criminal responsibility from the methods of penalties and non-penalties.

关 键 词：刑事责任年龄 刑罚替代措施 刑法规制 比较研究 

分 类 号：D924.1[政治法律—刑法学]