南京市无偿献血者献血过程感受的调查研究  

Investigation on feelings of blood donors during blood donation in Nanjing

作　　者：仇丽 王铭泽[2] 蔡旭兵 屠小明[2] 赵轶伦[4] 傅强[4] 戴宇东[4] 林振平[1] QIU Li;WANG Mingze;CAI Xubing;TU Xiaoming;ZHAO Yilun;FU Qiang;DAI Yudong;LIN Zhenping(School of Health Policy and Management,Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing 211166,China;Nanjing Medical University;Nanjing Municipal Health Commission;Nanjing Red Cross Blood Center)

机构地区：[1]南京医科大学医政学院,江苏南京211166 [2]南京医科大学 [3]南京市卫生健康委员会 [4]南京红十字血液中心

出　　处：《中国输血杂志》2021年第4期385-388,共4页Chinese Journal of Blood Transfusion

基　　金：“十三五”南京市医学科技发展资金重大项(ZDX16018)。

摘　　要：目的了解献血者献血过程的感受及其影响因素,为采供血机构提供优质的献(采)血服务提供依据。方法以自行编制的无偿献血调查问卷为研究工具,采用随机抽样的方法,于2018年12月1日~23日周末,由课题组成员和招募到的调查员对南京红十字血液中心下辖的6个街头采血点的献血者做问卷调查。采用描述性分析献血者的基本情况,采用卡方检验分析献血者对于献血过程感受的差异,采用二元回归分析探索献血感受的影响因素。结果共发放405份问卷,回收问卷有效率100%(405/405),有效问卷中1次献血者(卷)占46.67%(189/405),2~3次献血者占27.65%(112/405),≥4次献血者25.68%(104/405)。3类献血者对于采血针头恐惧感的比例分别为53.59%(97/181)、23.7%(43/181)、22.65%(41/181),对于血液流出的害怕感分别为55.48%(81/146)、22.60%(33/146)、21.92%(32/146),对于采血过程的疼痛感52.69%(88/167)、28.14%(47/167)、19.16%(32/167),(P<0.05);对于血液检测不合格的焦虑感、不能享受良好服务感相似(P>0.05);3类人群在献血经历方面有差异(P<0.05)。献血经历的二元回归分析:性别(P=0.043)是其影响因素。结论南京市街头的多数献血者在献(采)血过程存在害怕恐惧心理;提醒采供血机构提供优质的采(献)血服务和人性化护理干预,以及加强公民献血认知宣教的紧迫性和重要性。Objective To investigate the feelings of blood donors during blood donation and its influencing factors, thus providing references for high quality blood donation service for blood banks. Methods A self-developed questionnaire concerning voluntary blood donation was randomly issued by the research group and recruited investigators among blood donors in 6 street blood donation sites of Nanjing Red Cross Blood Center at weekends during December 1~23, 2018. The basic information of blood donors, the difference of feelings during blood donation and the influencing factors were analyzed by descriptive analysis, chi-square test and binary Logistic regression analysis, respectively.Results A total of 405 questionnaires were issued, and all 405 copies were valid, with the response rate at 100%(405/405). Among the valid questionnaires, 46.67%(189/405) were first-time blood donors, 27.65%(112/405) had donated for 2~3 times, and 25.68%(104/405) donated more than 4 times. 53.59%(97/181), 23.7%(43/181) and 22.65%(41/181) of the above three groups of blood donors worried about the needles, and 55.48%(81/146), 22.60%(33/146) and 21.92%(32/146) worried about the blood outflow, 52.69%(88/167), 28.14%(47/167), and 19.16%(32/167)worried about the pain during blood collection(P<0.05). The anxiety of unqualified blood test was similar to that of poor service(P>0.05). There were differences in blood donation experience among the three groups(P<0.05), and gender(P<0.05) was its influencing factor showed by binary Logistic regression analysis.Conclusion The majority of blood donors, who have donated at the street sites of Nanjing, are worried during blood donation collection. Therefore, the blood centers should provide high-quality services and humanized nursing interventions as well as strengthen the citizens′ awareness of blood donation.

关 键 词：无偿献血者 献血者感受 献血经历 献血恐惧 采(献)血服务 

分 类 号：R457.1[医药卫生—治疗学] B842.2[医药卫生—临床医学]