寨卡病毒感染与输血安全  

Zika virus infection and transfusion safety

作　　者：慕容容 叶海艳[1] 徐敏[1] 李世林[1] MU Rongrong;YE Haiyan;XU Min;LI Silin(Institute of Blood Transfu­sion y Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College,Chengdu 610052,China)

机构地区：[1]中国医学科学院北京协和医学院输血研究所,四川成都610052

出　　处：《中国输血杂志》2021年第4期424-427,共4页Chinese Journal of Blood Transfusion

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81702017)。

摘　　要：寨卡病毒(ZIKV)是1种通过蚊虫传播的虫媒病毒。ZIKV感染人体后通常引起轻微的自限性疾病,绝大多数感染者症状较轻,常被忽视,但少数感染者会产生严重的神经系统并发症,特别是孕妇感染ZIKV有可能造成胎儿或婴儿小头畸形,因此近年来受到广泛关注。由于ZIKV存在高比例无症状感染者,且存在较高的病毒血症发生率,目前我国并未将该病毒纳入献血前常规病原体筛查,因此存在通过输血传播的风险。本文简要介绍ZIKV的生物学特征、流行特点、致病机理等,主要探讨ZIKV感染与输血安全。Zika virus(ZIKV) is an arbovirus transmitted mainly by mosquitoes. ZIKV infection usually causes mild self-limiting disease, and most of the infected patients only developed relatively mild symptoms which were often easily overlooked. However, serious damage of the central nervous system is observed in a few of the infected patients, and microcephaly of embryos and fetuses in pregnant women infected by ZIKV has attracted wide attention in recent years. Although there is a high proportion of asymptomatic infection and a high incidence of viremia, ZIKV has not been included in the routine pathogen screening before blood donation in China yet, and there is a risk of transmission through blood transfusion. This article briefly introduces the biological characteristics, epidemic characteristics, and pathogenic mechanisms of ZIKV,, and discusses ZIKV infection and the safety of blood transfusion.

关 键 词：寨卡病毒 输血安全 胎(婴)儿小头畸形 无症状感染 病毒血症 

分 类 号：R512.8[医药卫生—内科学] R457.1[医药卫生—临床医学]