基于改进模糊数学法的河流水环境质量评价  

River water environmental quality assessment based on improved fuzzy mathematics

作　　者：吕卓然 丁爽[1,3] 王凌青 Lü Zhuoran;DING Shuang;WANG Lingqing(College of Management Engineering,Capital University of Economics and Business,Beijing 100070;Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Science,Beijing 100101;China National Institute of Standardization,Beijing 100191)

机构地区：[1]首都经济贸易大学管理工程学院,北京100070 [2]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [3]中国标准化研究院,北京100191

出　　处：《南水北调与水利科技（中英文）》2021年第2期317-324,399,共9页South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science & Technology

基　　金：2019年北京高等学校高水平人才交叉培养“实培计划”项目(32016080027)。

摘　　要：为克服传统河流水质评价方法结果失真、水质标准均化和主观任意性影响较大等缺点,选取2014—2016年大清河14个监测断面8个评价指标,运用改进模糊数学法与单因子评价法相结合的方法,进行水环境综合质量评价。结果显示:2014年及2015年不符合GB 3838—2002《地表水环境质量标准》中Ⅴ类功能区标准的断面为新盖房、望亭、码头、焦庄及安州断面,占该年监测断面的35.7%;2016年不符合标准的断面为码头断面,占该年监测断面的7.14%。其中,氨氮和总磷为监测断面的主要污染因子,氨氮平均超标6.78倍,总磷平均超标3.51倍。利用各级水质标准上下限的中间值作为评价标准,改进的模糊数学评价模型更具区分度,河流水环境质量评价结果更为准确可靠,可为流域水污染控制提供科学依据。In recent years,with the rapid development of China′s economy and the gradual progress of urbanization,urban industrial and agricultural wastewater,waste liquids,and domestic sewage have been continuously discharged into rivers,which have made the problem of water pollution increasingly worse.A large number of river water bodies have been severely polluted due to eutrophication and water inactivation.The original ecological balance of the water bodies has been destroyed,the ecological environment quality of river water has declined sharply,and even major water pollution accidents that endanger human health have occurred.Quantitative or qualitative evaluation of river water quality elements can provide a scientific basis for subsequent river water pollution control and water environmental protection.Eight evaluation indicators are selected from 14 monitoring sections of the Daqing River from 2014 to 2016 and a combination of improved fuzzy mathematics method and single-factor evaluation method is used to conduct comprehensive water environment quality evaluation.The traditional fuzzy mathematics method is to construct the fuzzy factor set which is not easy to determine the degree of pros and cons,then establish the evaluation set and the membership function according to the water quality evaluation standard,obtain the weight and the degree of membership to quantify.Finally,the two complex operations are performed to obtain the river water quality level based on the principle of maximum membership.This operation is effective in evaluating the general river water environment,but it cannot evaluate the inferior Class V water quality,nor can it obtain water quality indicators that play a major role in river water quality.Therefore,this research first improves the fuzzy mathematics method and then combines the single-factor evaluation method to obtain the water environment quality evaluation and main pollution indicators of the Daqing River.The results show that in 2014 and 2015,the sections that did not meet the sta

关 键 词：改进的模糊数学法 单因子评价法 水环境质量评价 主要污染因子 

分 类 号：TV211[水利工程—水文学及水资源]