早期城市化对健康青年人脑灰质体积和执行功能的影响  

The effects of early urbanization on brain grey matter volume and executive function of healthy young adults

作　　者：刘嘉玮 郭力宁 李魏薇 马林[1] 满玮琦 徐佳圆 刘风 于春水[1] LIU Jiawei;GUO Lining;LI Weiwei;MA Lin;MAN Weiqi;XU Jiayuan;LIU Feng;YU Chunshui(Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging,Tianjin Medical University General Hospital,Tianjin 300052,China;Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine,Tianjin University)

机构地区：[1]天津医科大学总医院医学影像科,天津市功能影像重点实验室,天津300052 [2]天津大学医学工程与转化医学研究院

出　　处：《国际医学放射学杂志》2021年第3期254-258,276,共6页International Journal of Medical Radiology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFC1314300);国家自然科学基金重点项目(82030053);天津市教委科研计划项目(2019KJ195)。

摘　　要：目的探讨早期城市环境暴露对健康青年人脑灰质体积(GMV)及执行功能的影响,以加深对城市化与人脑及认知发育之间关系的理解。方法在天津地区前瞻性收集1021名18~30岁的汉族健康青年人,平均(23.76±2.34)岁;平均受教育(16.64±1.91)年。采集受试者早期(0~15岁)的城市化分数、全脑T1WI数据及Go/No-go执行功能数据,记录Go条件的正确率(GA)、No-go条件的正确率(NGA)及Go条件的反应时间(GRT)。采用SPM12软件进行影像数据分析,找出与早期城市化分数显著相关的GMV脑区,利用Spearman等级相关分析早期城市化分数、显著团块GMV、执行功能数据之间的相关性。构建早期城市化分数、显著团块GMV、执行功能的中介模型,在控制中介变量GMV的条件下,分析早期城市化分数对执行功能的直接效应,以及早期城市化分数通过GMV对执行功能的中介效应。结果早期城市化分数与背侧前扣带皮质和内侧额上回组成团块的GMV呈负相关(P<0.05,FWE校正)。早期城市化分数与背侧前扣带回和内侧额上回形成团块的GMV、GRT呈负相关(r=-0.17,r=-0.18,P<0.001),与GA呈正相关(r=0.18,P<0.001)。背侧前扣带回和内侧额上回形成团块的GMV与GA、NGA呈负相关(r=-0.10,P=0.001,r=-0.06,P=0.05),与GRT呈正相关(r=0.08,P=0.01)。背侧前扣带回和内侧额上回形成团块的GMV在早期城市化分数与GRT之间起着部分中介的作用,早期城市化分数对GRT的直接效应值为-0.17,显著团块的GMV在早期城市化分数与GRT间的中介效应值为-0.01,中介效应占总效应的6.74%。结论早期城市环境暴露对青年人前额叶灰质发育及执行功能具有促进作用。Objective To explore the effects of early exposure to urban environment on grey matter volume(GMV)and executive function of healthy young adults,and to improve our understanding of the association between urbanization and developments of brain and cognitive.Methods A total of 1021 healthy young adults aged 18 through 30 years old were collected in Tianjin in this prospective study,with an average age of 23.76±2.34 years,the average years of education was 16.64±1.91.The early urbanization scores(the sum of 1-15 years of age),whole brain T1WI data,and executive function scores derived from Go/no-GO test were collected,and the Go trial accuracy(GA),No-go trial accuracy(NGA),and Go trial reaction time(GRT)were recorded.Voxel-wise multiple regression was conducted to identify the brain regions where GMV were correlated with early urbanization scores based on SPM12,and Spearman correlation was performed to test the relationship between the early urbanization scores and the GMV of significant brain regions or executive function.Mediation model was used to test the mediation effect of the GMV of significant brain regions on the associations between the early urbanization scores and executive function.The direct effect of the early urbanization scores on GRT under control of the GMV of cluster,and the mediating effect of the GMV of cluster between early urbanization and GRT were analyzed.Results Early urbanization scores were negatively correlated with GMV in a cluster consisting of dorsal anterior cingulate cortex(dACC)and medial superior frontal gyrus(mSFG)(P<0.05,FWE correction).Early urbanization scores were negatively correlated with GMV in a cluster consisting of dACC and mSFG,and GRT(r=-0.17,r=-0.18,P<0.001),and positively correlated with GA(r=0.18,P<0.001).The GMV in a cluster consisting of dACC and mSFG were negatively correlated with GA,NGA(r=-0.10,P=0.001 and r=-0.06,P=0.05,respectively),and positively correlated with GRT(r=0.08,P=0.01).GMV in a cluster consisting of dACC and mSFG showed a partial mediation e

关 键 词：磁共振成像 城市化 灰质体积 执行功能 中介效应分析 

分 类 号：R322.8[医药卫生—人体解剖和组织胚胎学] R455.2[医药卫生—基础医学]