中国电力体制改革与电网企业生产率  

The Effect of China’s Unbundling Reform in Electricity on the Productivity of Power Supply Enterprises

作　　者：郑世林 SHILIN ZHENG(Chines Academy of Social Sciences)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学 [2]中国社会科学院数量经济与技术经济研究所

出　　处：《产业经济评论》2021年第3期5-18,共14页Review of Industrial Economics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(71573272)的资助

摘　　要：2002年中国电力行业打破纵向一体化,实施了“厂网分开”的电力体制改革。“厂网分开”损失了范围经济,但却强化了专业化经济,那么这一改革究竟能否提高电网企业生产率?本文利用2000-2007年中国电力工业企业调查数据库,以“厂网分开”改革作为准自然实验,识别了2002年电力体制改革对电网企业生产率的影响。研究发现,“厂网分开”使得电网企业生产率提高了0.205,其中改革第二年效果最大,第五年后改革红利消失,并且研究结果通过了一系列稳健性检验。研究还发现,受改革影响较大的国有企业比非国有电网企业生产率提高显著;专业化经济体现在“厂网合一”时期“重发轻供”所忽略的末端电网,县区电网企业生产率提升尤为明显。本文研究结论对于深化新一轮中国电力体制改革具有重要的政策指导意义。In 2002,Chinese government broke the vertical integration of electricity industry by separating the generation from the transmission and distribution segments.The reform of vertical unbundling lost the economies of scope but strengthening the economies of specialization in the electricity sector.Then,did the unbundling reform improve the productivity of power supply sectors?Using the dataset of power supply enterprises for the period from 2000 to 2007,we estimated the effect of unbundling reform on the productivity of power supply enterprises.We find that the unbundling reform significantly enhanced the productivity of the power supply companies.In addition,the impact of the unbundling reform peaked in the second year,and the reform dividend disappeared completely after the fourth year.The productivity of state-owned enterprises directly affected by the unbundling reform improved greatly than non-state-owned enterprises which were only indirectly affected by the reform.Moreover,we could not find any significant difference between the treated group and controlled group before 2003,reassuring the robustness of our empirical results.Finally,we also find out that the unbundling reform significantly improved the productivity of power supply companies at the county level,which were easily overlooked before the reform.Our paper has important policy implications for deepening the electricity reform in the future.

关 键 词：电力体制改革“厂网分开”准自然实验 生产率 

分 类 号：C52[社会学]