基于多指标综合评价的不同规格槐花干燥方法研究  

Effect of drying processing methods on different specifications of Sophorae Flos based on comprehensive statistical analysis

作　　者：王计瑞 谭均[1,2] 李隆云[1,2] 宋旭红[1,2] 丁刚[1,2] 尚芳红[1,2] WANG Ji-rui;TAN Jun;LI Long-yun;SONG Xu-hong;DING Gang;SHANG Fang-hong(Third-Class Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry 3 National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resources,Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica,Chongqing 400065,China;Chongqing Sub-center of National Resources Center far Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Chongqing 400065,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆市中药研究院重庆市中药资源学重点实验室国家中医药管理局中药化学三级实验室,重庆400065 [2]中国中医科学院中药资源中心重庆分中心,重庆400065

出　　处：《中国中药杂志》2021年第6期1401-1409,共9页China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica

基　　金：重庆市自然科学基金面上项目(cstc2020jcyj-msxmX0828);国家中药材产业技术体系项目(CARS-21);重庆市现代山地特色高效农业技术体系项目(2020[9]号)。

摘　　要：为了探讨6种常用干燥方法对不同规格槐花品质的影响,优选不同规格槐花的适宜干燥方法,该研究根据外观形态将槐花类药材分为花蕾型(HL)、半开型(BK)和盛开型(SK)3种规格,分别采用阴干(25℃、自然温度)、晒干、直接烘干(60,105℃)、蒸汽杀青后烘干(60℃)的方式进行干燥。采用紫外分光光度法(UV)、高效液相色谱法(HPLC)和比色法检测样品中总黄酮、芦丁、水仙苷、槲皮素、异鼠李素含量和Fe3+还原能力、DPPH自由基清除能力、ABTS自由基清除能力、总抗氧化能力(FRAP)。基于主成分分析(PCA)、聚类分析(CA)和相关性分析进行综合评价。结果表明,不同规格样品受干燥方式的影响差异显著,HL和BK适宜采用蒸汽杀青后烘干(60℃)的处理方式,SK适宜采用60℃直接烘干的处理方式;当鲜药材不能及时杀青时,应摊放在阴凉通风处。温度过高或过低均会降低槐花品质,3种规格药材均不宜采用105℃直接烘干法和25℃阴干法。3种规格样品间化学成分和抗氧化活性差异大,在使用时应加强规格控制,以保障品质均一。该研究为3种规格槐花适宜的干燥方法提供了丰富的数据参考,也为花类药材的分级加工做出了有益的探索。To investigate the effects of six common drying methods on the quality of different specifications of Sophorae Flos, in order to select their suitable drying methods. According to appearance and morphology, Sophorae Flos was divided into the following three specifications: flower bud type(HL), half-open type(BK) and blooming type(SK). All specifications of samples were treated with shade-drying method(25 ℃, natural temperature), sun-drying method, hot-air-drying method(60, 105 ℃), and drying method(60 ℃) after steaming. The contents of total flavonoids, rutin, narcissus, quercetin, isorhamnetin, and Fe3+ reducing ability, DPPH free radical scavenging ability, ABTS free radical scavenging ability and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching(FRAP) were detected by UV, HPLC and colorimetry, respectively. Principal component analysis(PCA), cluster analysis(CA) and correlation analysis were used to comprehensively evaluate the quality of samples. According to the results, there were significant differences in the effect of drying methods on different specifications of samples. The drying method(60 ℃) after steaming was suitable for HL and BK, while the hot-air-drying method(60 ℃) was suitable for SK. When the fresh medicinal materials could not be treated in time, they should be spread out in a cool and ventilated place. Under high and low temperature conditions, the quality of three specifications of Sophorae Flos would be reduced. The hot-air-drying method(105 ℃) and shade-drying method(25 ℃) were not suitable for the treatment of fresh flowers and flower buds of Sophora japonicus. There were obviously differences of chemical compositions and antioxidant activities among the three specifications of samples. Therefore, the specifications of medicinal materials should be controlled to ensure the uniform quality. The study provided the abundant data reference for the selection of appropriate drying methods for the three specifications of Sophorae Flos, and useful exploration for the classification and p

关 键 词：槐花 不同规格 干燥方法 综合评价 抗氧化活性 

分 类 号：R282.4[医药卫生—中药学]