不同干扰下贝加尔针茅草甸草原群落数量特征及土壤养分研究  

Study on the community quantitative characteristics and soil nutrient of Stipa baicalensis grassland under different disturbances

作　　者：张培青[1,2] 张连云 乌仁其其格[1] 王俊杰[2] ZHANG Peiqing;ZHANG Lianyun;WU Renqiqige;WANG Junjie(Hulunbuir University,Hailar 021008,China;College of Grassland,Resources and Environment,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010019,China;Hulunbuir Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center,Hailar 021008,China)

机构地区：[1]呼伦贝尔学院,内蒙古海拉尔021008 [2]内蒙古农业大学草原与资源环境学院,呼和浩特010019 [3]呼伦贝尔市农业技术推广服务中心,内蒙古海拉尔021008

出　　处：《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2021年第8期105-109,共5页Heilongjiang Animal Science And veterinary Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目“全球变化对羊草叶脉性状及其与功能性状关系的研究”(31700410);农业部公益性行业项目(201303060);内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2017MS0328);内蒙古呼伦贝尔学院校级项目“基于生产利用的退化草地生态修复模式研究”(2020ZKYB13)。

摘　　要：为了掌握不同干扰情况下土壤与草地群落数量特征的相互关系及影响,试验在呼伦贝尔贝加尔针茅草甸草原地区,对围封、刈割、重度放牧3种干扰下的植被群落盖度、地上部现存量、枯枝落叶层现存量、植物种类数量群落特征进行调查,同时测定土壤全氮、全磷含量。结果表明:2016—2018年,围封样地中,植被群落盖度呈先下降再增加的趋势;在刈割样地中,植被群落盖度呈上升趋势;在重度放牧样地中,植被群落盖度呈先下降后上升的趋势,但总体上呈下降趋势。在不同年份,围封、刈割干扰条件下植被群落盖度总体呈上升趋势,重度放牧条件下植被群落盖度明显下降。每平方米植物种数在2016—2018年间整体呈现围封>刈割>重度放牧。围封样地3年间植物种数增多,优势种基本保持不变,地上部现存量有所增加;在刈割样地,虽然3年间地上部现存量有所增加,但植被优势种组成发生变化,出现草地退化指示植物;重度放牧样地植物种数逐年减少,呈现严重退化趋势;围封、刈割、重度放牧样地地上部现存量与枯枝落叶层现存量在3年时间内整体呈正相关关系。刈割和重度放牧降低了表层土壤(0~10 cm)中的全氮和全磷含量,围封、刈割、重度放牧样地中土壤全氮和全磷含量均随土层深度增加而减少。说明在3年的围封、刈割、重度放牧3种干扰方式下,土壤养分及群落数量特征发生了明显变化,刈割和重度放牧一定程度上降低了草地土壤和植物群落结构的稳定性,围封有利于草地生态系统的保护。In order to grasp the relationship and influence of the quantitative characteristics of soil and grassland communities under different disturbance conditions,the experiment was carried out in the Stipa bai calensis grassland in Hulunbuir to investigate the coverage of vegetation community,the standing stock of above ground,the standing stock of litter layer,and the number,community characteristics of plant species under the three disturbances of enclosure,mowing,and heavy grazing;the total nitrogen and total phosphorus contents of the soil were measured at the same time.The results showed that in the enclosure plot,the vegetation community coverage showed a first decline and then increased from 2016 to 2018;in the mowing plot,the vegetation community coverage showed an upward trend from 2016 to 2018;in the heavy grazing plot,the coverage of vegetation communities showed a trend of first decline and then rise from 2016 to 2018,but the overall trend was downward.In different years,the coverage of vegetation community under the disturbance conditions of enclosure and mowing showed an overall upward trend,and the coverage of vegetation community under the conditions of heavy grazing decreased significantly.From 2016 to 2018,the number of plant species per square meter showed overall enclosure>mowing>heavy grazing.In the enclosure plot,the number of plant species increased in 3 years,the dominant species remained basically unchanged,and the above-ground existing stock increased;in the mowing plot,although the above-ground existing stock increased during the 3 years,the composition change of dominant vegetation species occurs,and indicating plants for grassland degradation appeared;in the heavy grazing plot,the number of plant species was decreasing year by year,showing a serious degradation trend;in the enclosure,mowing,and heavy grazing plots,the standing stock of the above ground and the standing stock of the litter layer were positively correlated as a whole within 3 years.Mowing and heavy grazing reduced the total

关 键 词：贝加尔针茅 围封 刈割 重度放牧 群落数量特征 土壤养分 草地退化 

分 类 号：S812.8[农业科学—草业科学]