夏季不同类型牛舍对泌乳中期奶牛热应激和生产性能的影响  

Effects of different types of cowsheds in summer on heat stress and production performance of dairy cows in the middle lactation period

作　　者：杨敏 李亚南 田雨 连红 李莲[1] YANG Min;LI Yanan;TIAN Yu;LIAN Hong;LI Lian(College of Animal Science and Technology,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China;Nanjing Weigang Dairy Co.,Ltd.,Nanjing 210014,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学动物科技学院,江苏南京210095 [2]南京卫岗乳业有限公司,江苏南京210014

出　　处：《畜牧与兽医》2021年第5期37-41,共5页Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0501600)。

摘　　要：为了解夏季热应激期间不同牛舍环境对奶牛产奶性能的影响,选取同一牛场中开放式牛舍和全封闭牛舍的奶牛作为研究对象,于2019年5—10月,每天监测牛舍内的环境温度、相对湿度,并以周为单位计算温湿度指数。每日15:00在2栋牛舍的泌乳牛中随机挑选12头测量直肠温度,并通过奶牛生产性能测定(DHI),监测每月所有泌乳牛产奶数据。结果显示:6—8月期间开放式牛舍内温湿指数(THI)大于72,处于热应激状态;而全封闭牛舍内温湿指数始终维持热应激的临界状态。6—9月期间开放式牛舍中奶牛直肠温度显著高于全封闭牛舍(P<0.05)。全封闭牛舍全群产奶量变化幅度小于开放式牛舍,且全封闭牛舍中牛奶体细胞数显著低于开放式牛舍(P<0.05)。综上,与开放式牛舍环境相比,夏季热应激期间全封闭牛舍环境温度受外界环境影响小,牛舍环境处于稳定状态,对奶牛产奶性能影响小。In order to understand the effect of different types of cowshed environment on milk production performance of cows in summer, the cows in an open cowshed and a fully closed cowshed in the same cow farm were selected as the research objects in this experiment. From May 2019 to October 2019, the temperature and relative humidity of the cowshed environments were monitored every day, and the temperature-humidity index(THI) was calculated in weeks. At 15:00 every day, 12 lactating cows were randomly selected from the two cowsheds to measure their rectal temperature, and the milk production data of all the lactating cows were monitored by means of dairy herd improvement(DHI) every month. The results showed that in the period of June to August, the temperature-humidity index(THI) of the open cowshed was higher than 72, which was a heat stress state, and that of the fully closed cowshed remained in the critical state of heat stress. In the period of June to September, the rectal temperature of the dairy cows in the open cowshed was significantly higher than that of the cows in the fully closed cowshed(P<0.05). The variation of the whole group milk production in the fully closed cowshed was smaller than that in the open cowshed, and the somatic cell count in the milk produced by the cows in the fully closed cowshed was significantly lower than that of the cows in the open cowshed(P<0.05). To sum up, compared with the open cowshed environment, the temperature of the fully closed cowshed environment was less affected by the external environment during the summer heat stress, and the fully closed cowshed environment was in a consistently stable state and had less impact on the milk production performance of the cows.

关 键 词：热应激 全封闭牛舍 开放式牛舍 产奶量 体细胞数 

分 类 号：S831.5[农业科学—畜牧学]