洞庭湖鱼中全氟烷基化合物的污染特征及健康风险  

Pollution characteristics and health risk of perfluoroalkyl substances in fish from Dongting Lake

作　　者：马梦宇 赵兴茹[1] 申金山[2] 刘承友 郭睿[1] MA Mengyu;ZHAO Xingru;SHEN Jinshan;LIU Chengyou;GUO Rui(Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration,State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Water Protection,Beijing,100012,China;College of Chemistry and Materials,Hebei Normal University,Shijiazhuang,050024,China)

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院,泊水污染治理与生态修复技术国家工程实验室,国家环境保护饮用水水源地保护重点实验室,北京100012 [2]河北师范大学化学与材料科学学院,石家庄050024

出　　处：《环境化学》2021年第4期1011-1019,共9页Environmental Chemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(21607145);国家科技基础性工作专项重点项目(2015FY110900-06)资助。

摘　　要：为研究洞庭湖鱼中全氟烷基化合物(PFASs)的污染水平及特征,2015年9月采集了洞庭湖8种不同营养级的鱼,取肌肉和肝脏,其中白鲢、草鱼和鳜鱼取多种组织,用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法对鱼组织中13种PFASs进行了分析.结果表明,在检出的PFASs中,全氟辛基磺酸(PFOS)和全氟辛基羧酸(PFOA)是主要污染物.肌肉组织中∑PFASs浓度范围为3.64—31.27 ng·g^(-1)(干重计),与国内其它湖泊相比污染水平较低.PFASs在鱼体内的分布具有物种和组织特异性,∑PFASs在白鲢各组织中的分布次序为:眼>肝脏>肾>脾>胆>肠>性腺>肌肉>鱼鳔>皮,草鱼为:胆>肾>脑>肝脏>肌肉>皮>眼>腮>肠>鱼鳔,鳜鱼为:肝脏>胃>肾>肠>眼>皮>肌肉>腮.肌肉组织中的PFOA浓度与δ^(15)N呈显著的负相关性,PFOS和全氟十一烷基羧酸(PFUnDA)浓度与δ15N呈显著的正相关性.采用人均日摄入量法(average daily intake, ADI)评估得到的PFOS与PFOA的风险值低于人均每日可耐受摄入量(tolerable daily intake, TDI),对人体没有健康风险.In order to analyze the contamination levels and distribution characteristics of PFASs in fish of Dongting Lake, eight different trophic fishes were collected from Dongting Lake in September 2015. In addition to the muscles and livers of 8 types of fish and other tissues of silver carp, grass carp and mandarin fish were also collected. UPLC-MS/MS was used to analyze the content of 13 PFASs in different tissues of fish. The results showed that PFOS and PFOA were the predominant PFASs in the fish of Dongting Lake. Concentrations of ∑PFASs in muscles ranged from 3.64 to 31.27 ng·g^(-1)(dry weight, dw). Compared with other domestic lakes, the pollution level of PFASs in Dongting Lake fish was low. PFASs were distributed in a tissue-specific and species-specific manner in fish. In silver carp, the total concentration of PFASs decreased in the order of eye>liver>kidney>spleen>gall-bladder>intestine>gonad>muscle>bladder>skin, while in grass carp ∑PFASs decreased in the order of gall-bladder>kidney>brain>liver>muscle>skin>eye>gill>intestinal>bladder. At the same time, in mandarin fish, ∑PFASs decreased in the order of liver>stomach>kidney>intestinal>eye>skin>muscle>gill. The concentration of PFOA had a significant negative correlation with the δ15N values while the concentration of PFOS and PFUnDA had a positive correlation with the δ^(15)N values in muscle of fish.The health risks PFOS and PFOA, assessed by average daily intake(ADI) were below the human tolerable daily intake(TDI),indicating there was no significant risk to human health.

关 键 词：全氟烷基化合物(PFASs) 鱼 污染水平 健康风险 洞庭湖 

分 类 号：X592[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X820.4