京津冀火葬场烟气的污染物排放特征及减排潜力分析  

Pollutants emission characteristics and emission reduction potential of crematoria flue gas in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,China

作　　者：张世豪 陈曦 翟晓曼 刘杰[1,3] 邢啸林 王宝成 王俊 薛亦峰 王玮[2] ZHANG Shihao;CHEN Xi;ZHAI Xiaoman;LIU Jie;XING Xiaolin;WANG Baocheng;WANG Jun;XUE Yifeng;WANG Wei(College of Resource Environment and Tourism,Capital Normal University,Beijing,100048,China;Key Laboratory of Pollution Control of Ministry of Civil Affairs,101 Institute of Ministry of Civil Affairs,Beijing,100070,China;National Engineering Research Center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control,Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection,Beijing,100037,China;Beijing Municipal Solid Waste and Chemical Management Center,Beijing,100089,China)

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学资源环境与旅游学院,北京100048 [2]民政部一零一研究所,民政部污染控制重点实验室,北京100070 [3]北京市环境保护科学研究院,国家城市环境污染控制工程技术研究中心,北京100037 [4]北京市固体废物和化学品管理中心,北京100089

出　　处：《环境化学》2021年第4期1059-1070,共12页Environmental Chemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(21806012);北京市优秀人才培养资助项目(2017000021733G105);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费项目(118011000000150004)资助。

摘　　要：京津冀人口基数大,年死亡人数多,相应遗体火化量和遗物祭品焚烧量较大,且由于火葬场排放的污染控制程度较低,其排放对周边环境和人体健康产生影响.为进一步探明京津冀火葬场的污染排放特征,本研究对区域内19家火葬场的19台遗体火化机和6台遗物祭品焚烧炉开展实地排放监测,获取火化机和遗物祭品焚烧烟气的颗粒物及化学组分、挥发性有机污染物(VOCs)及其化学组分和其他气态污染物的排放水平,识别了火葬场源谱的特征,并核算得到京津冀火葬场烟气污染物的本地化排放因子.结合活动水平数据,采用排放因子法建立了京津冀火葬场烟气污染物排放清单,并分析了其减排潜力.结果表明,京津冀地区火葬场烟气中TSP、CO平均排放浓度分别是国家标准限值的4.9倍和1.3倍,烟气净化装置对污染物的去除效果显著.火化机烟气细颗粒物占比较大,PM_(2.5)/TSP=0.73;PM_(2.5)化学组分中有机物含量较高,其中OC平均占比为25.3%.火化机烟气VOCs组分中苯及苯系物、烯烃、烷烃含量较高,平均占比88.7%,可能会对暴露人群产生健康风险.根据排放清单,2016年京津冀火葬场TSP、PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)、CO的排放量相比2007年分别下降了47.8%、47.8%、47.9%、26.1%.目前京津冀火葬场安装净化装置比例并不高,且遗物祭品焚烧烟气直排现象普遍,其减排空间较大.There is a large population and high number of death in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH)region,therefore the amount of cremation and the incineration of sacrificial offerings is also high.Due to the loose pollution control in crematoria,the surrounding environment and human health were affected by the pollutants emitted from crematoria.To further explore the characteristics of pollution emissions from the BTH crematoria,this study carried out on-site emission monitoring of 19 cremators and 6 incinerators of sacrificial offerings in 19 crematoria in this region.The concentrations and chemical components of PM_(2.5) and volatile organic compounds(VOCs)and the emission levels of other gaseous pollutants from crematoria flue gas were obtained.The emission factors of air pollutants were calculated.Based on the activity level data,the emission inventory of atmospheric pollutants from the crematoria was established and its emission reduction potential was analyzed.Results showed that:(1)The average emission concentrations of TSP,CO and NOx from the crematoria in the BTH were seriously exceeding the national standard limits.Flue gas purification devices had significant effect on the removal of pollutants.(2)PM_(2.5)/TSP=0.73 indicated that fine particles accounted for a large proportion in the flue gas of cremator;the concentration of organic matter(OC)was high and accounted for 25.3%in PM_(2.5).(3)The concentrations of benzene and benzene series,olefins,alkane were high in VOCs,accounting for 88.7%,which might pose health risks to exposed populations.(4)According to the emission inventory,the emissions of TSP,PM_(10),PM_(2.5) and CO in the BTH crematoria in 2016 decreased by 47.8%,47.8%,47.9%and 26.1%respectively compared with those for 2007.The proportion of installation purification devices for crematorium was low in the BTH region and it was common that flue gas discharged directly into atmosphere which had considerable potential of emission reduction.

关 键 词：遗体火化 遗物祭品焚烧 大气污染物 排放特征 减排潜力 京津冀 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程]