天缘洞空气负离子时空分布特征及影响因素分析  

Analysis of temporal and spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of air anions in Tianyuan cave

作　　者：余娟 高占冬 王德远 王慧澄 梅再美[1] YU Juan;GAO Zhandong;WANG Deyuan;WANG Huicheng;MEI Zaimei(College of Geography and Environmental Science,Guizhou Normal University,Guiyang,550025,China;Guizhou Institute of Mountain Resources,Guiyang,550001,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州师范大学地理与环境科学学院,贵阳550025 [2]贵州省山地资源研究所,贵阳550001

出　　处：《环境化学》2021年第4期1078-1087,共10页Environmental Chemistry

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目课题(2016YFC0502606);贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合基础[2016]1417);贵州省科研机构服务企业行动计划项目(黔科合平台人才[2017]5720);贵州科学院人才团队项目(黔科院人才[201908])资助。

摘　　要：对红果树景区的天缘洞进行昼夜间隔两小时的正、负离子浓度及其气象因子的监测,通过GIS空间分析工具及统计分析方法探究岩溶洞穴空气负离子含量时空分布特征及影响因素,结果表明,天缘洞中负离子浓度昼夜及空间分布基本呈现出相似的规律,即负离子高度富集在地下水及低洼滴水处,以地下河为中心向入口和出口递减;但白天负离子含量却小于夜晚.各监测点负离子浓度随时间变化规律差异较大,全洞负离子平均浓度变化基本呈现出单峰型,最高值出现在22:00时,为9315 ion·cm^(-3).空气负离子的富集受到通风效应、洞内人类活动、洞道形态、海拔、滴水、洞外天气状况等环境因子以及温度、湿度、CO_(2)、风速等气候因子综合影响;其中通风效应使近口段负离子浓度降低、低洼、滴水等环境有利于负离子的富集,洞内负离子浓度与温度、风速呈显著负相关,与CO_(2)呈显著正相关,与湿度则无明显相关性.The positive and negative ion concentrations and their meteorological factors of the Tianyuan Cave in the Hongguoshu Scenic Area were monitored for two hours,and the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of air anion content in karst caves were researched by means of GIS spatial analysis tools and statistical analysis methods.The results showed that the diurnal concentration and spatial distribution of negative ion concentrations in Tianyuan Cave basically presented similar patterns,and negative ions were highly enriched in groundwater and low-lying drip,decreasing toward the inlet and outlet with the underground river as the center,but the negative ion content during the day was less than the night.The negative ion concentration of each monitoring point varied greatly with time.The average concentration of negative ion in the whole hole showed a unimodal type,and the highest value,9315 ion·cm^(-3),appeared at 10 p.m..The enrichment of air anions was affected by environmental factors such as ventilation effects,human activities in the cave,tunnel morphology,elevation,dripping,and weather conditions outside the cave,as well as climatic factors such as temperature,humidity,CO_(2),and wind speed.The ventilation effect made the negative ion concentration near the mouth,low enthalpy,dripping and other environments conducive to the enrichment of negative ions.The negative ion concentration in the hole was significantly negatively correlated with temperature and wind speed but not observably correlated with CO_(2),and not obviously correlated with humidity.

关 键 词：岩溶洞穴 负离子 时空分布 影响因素 天缘洞 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程]