优化施肥配施蚯蚓粪有机肥对嫁接西瓜产量和品质的影响  

Effects of optimum fertilization combined with vermicompost organic on yield and quality of grafted watermelon

作　　者：王恩煜 郜森 李婉茹 张显[1] 张勇[1] 高钰滢 李好[1] 魏春华[1] 杨建强[1] 马建祥[1] WANG Enyu;GAO Sen;LI Wanru;ZHANG Xian;ZHANG Yong;GAO Yuyin;LI Hao;WEIChunhua;YANG Jianqiang;MA Jianxiang(College of Horticulture,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi,China;Xuzhou Shunran Agricultural Technology Development Co.,Ltd,Xuzhou 221000,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]徐州舜然农业科技发展有限公司,江苏徐州221000

出　　处：《中国瓜菜》2021年第5期30-35,共6页China Cucurbits And Vegetables

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0201300);陕西省重点研发计划(2019NY-023);徐州市科技计划(KC19130);陕西省重点研发计划(2019ZDLNY03-03)。

摘　　要：为探究优化施肥配施蚯蚓粪有机肥替代常规施肥对嫁接西瓜生长的影响,在优化施肥基础上设置4个不同用量蚯蚓粪有机肥处理:Q400、Q500、Q600、Q700(每667 m^(2)施用蚯蚓粪400、500、600、700 kg),以不施肥(CK)和常规施肥(CF)为对照,研究不同施肥处理对嫁接西瓜生长、产量及品质的影响。结果表明,与CF相比,优化施肥配施500 kg·667 m^(-2)蚯蚓粪有机肥,可以在不降低西瓜产量的基础上显著改善果实品质,西瓜维生素C含量、可溶性蛋白含量、糖酸比、中心可溶性固形物含量、还原糖含量均显著提升,并显著提高了肥料偏生产力与肥料农学利用率。综合分析认为,Q500处理可代替常规施肥在陕西地区西瓜生产中推广施用。To explore the effect of optimal fertilization combined with vermicompost instead of conventional fertilization on the growth of grafted watermelon.This experiment is based on optimized fertilization set 4 different gradient organic fertilizer treatments for vermicompost:Q400,Q500,Q600,Q700,with no fertilization(CK)and conventional fertilization(CF)as controls,to study the effects of different fertilization treatments on the growth,yield and quality of grafted watermelon.Results:Compared with CF,there was no significant difference in vine length between optimized fertilization and different gradients of vermicompost organic fertilizer;Q400 and Q500 treatments had no significant difference in stem thickness and chlorophyll content from CF;Q500 treatment did not significantly increase yield compared with CF,but the partial productivity of fertilizers,the agronomic utilization rate of fertilizers were significantly improved,and the fruit quality was also significantly improved.The content of vatamin C,soluble protein,sugar-to-acid ratio,central soluble solids,and reducing sugars were significantly increased.The total soluble sugar content was not different from that of CF significantly.Comprehensive analysis of growth,yield and quality indicators shows that Q500 is the best treatment.On the basis of CF,it can reduce the amount of fertilizer by 99.8 kg·667 m^(-2).Therefore,the Q500 treatment(N 9.6 kg·667 m^(-2),P2O54 kg·667 m^(-2),K2O 8.8 kg·667 m^(-2),vermicompost organic fertilizer 500 kg·667 m^(-2))can replace conventional fertilization in watermelon production in Shaanxi.

关 键 词：嫁接西瓜 优化施肥 蚯蚓粪 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S651[农业科学—果树学]