6种典型滨海湿地植物对土壤盐分的影响  

Effects of Six Typical Coastal Wetland Plants on Soil Salinity

作　　者：郭嘉[1,2] 李敬玉 徐化凌 许洁 张明乾 于一雷 徐卫刚[1,2] 马牧源 赵娜娜 李肖夏[1,2] 朱耀军 GUO Jia;LI Jing-yu;XU Hua-ling;XU jie;ZHANG Ming-qian;YU Yi-lei;XU Wei-gang;MA Mu-yuan;ZHAO Na-na;LI Xiao-xia;ZHU Yao-jun(Institute of Wetland Research,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,P.R.China;Beijing Key Laboratory of Wetland Services and Restoration,Beijing 100091,P.R.China;Institute of Urban Agriculture,Beijing Agricultural University,Beijing 102206,P.R.China;Dongying academy of agricultural sciences,Dongying 257091,P.R.China;Shandong Keda Infrastructure Co.,Ltd.,Dongying 257000,P.R.China;Technology Center of China Tobacco Fujian Industrial Co.,Ltd.,Xiamen 361021,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院湿地研究所,北京100091 [2]湿地生态功能与恢复北京市重点实验室,北京100091 [3]北京农学院都市农业研究所,北京102206 [4]东营市农业科学研究院,山东东营257091 [5]山东科达基建有限公司,山东东营257000 [6]福建中烟工业有限责任公司技术中心,福建厦门361021

出　　处：《水生态学杂志》2021年第3期38-46,共9页Journal of Hydroecology

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(CAFYBB2014MA015)。

摘　　要：探究典型滨海湿地植物对盐碱土的改良作用,可为未来盐碱地改良和治理提供理论参考与决策依据。在黄河三角洲湿地,选择盐角草(Salicornia europaea)、盐地碱蓬(Suaeda salsa)、二色补血草(Limonium bicolor)、中亚滨藜(Atriplex centralasiatica)、獐毛(Aeluropus sinensis)、星星草(Puccinella tenuiflora)共6种典型植物,采用野外原位种植方式;在试验中心的田间选择5m×10m区域,布置18个相同的试验小区(1m×1m),每种植物均撒播3个小区,分别在植物生长苗期(6月初)、初期(7月中旬)、中期(8月中旬)、后期(9月中下旬)采集各小区内土样,测定土壤盐分变化。结果显示,与生长初期相比,6种植物生长后期使土壤全盐、可溶性K^(+)、Na^(+)、Ca^(2+)、SO_(4)^(2-)、Cl^(-)平均显著降低了22.02%、22.03%、23.59%、19.65%、17.37%、19.05%,pH和Mg^(2+)在中亚滨藜、獐毛、星星草群落显著降低了3.99%、4.58%、4.63%和11.81%、14.54%、17.57%,中亚滨藜、獐毛、星星草对土壤盐分的降低作用较好。不同植物生长期的对比发现,盐角草群落在植物生长早期对土壤盐分的降低效果最好,但中后期以中亚滨藜、獐毛、星星草的降盐作用更为显著。Coastal wetland plants complete their life cycle in saline soil and have evolved mechanisms that adapt the plants to a saline environment.The ability of coastal wetland plants to reduce soil salinity and alkalinity was explored to provide a theoretical reference and basis for decision-making in future efforts to improve and manage these soils.The Yellow River Delta wetland was selected as a case study and in-situ experiments using six typical coastal wetland plants(Salicornia europaea,Suaeda salsa,Limonium bicolor,Atriplex centralasiatica,Aeluropus sinensis,Puccinella tenuiflora)were carried out to investigate the effect of plant growth on soil salinity and alkalinity.At our experimental center,18experimental plots(1m×1m)were arranged within a rectangular area(5m×10m).Each plant was sown in three randomly selected plots and soil samples from each plot were collected at the seedling stage(early June),early stage(mid-July),middle stage(mid-August)and late stage(mid to late September)of plant growth.Soil physicochemical properties were analyzed and included pH,total salt and dissolved K^(+),Na^(+),Ca^(2+),Mg^(2+),SO_(4)^(2-)and Cl^(-).Compared with the early growth stage,the total salt and dissolved K^(+),Na^(+),Ca2^(+),SO_(4)^(2-))and Cl^(-)content of soil samples decreased significantly after the plants had reached their late growth stage.The respective decreases,averaged across the six plants,were 22.02%,22.03%,23.59%,19.65%,17.37%and 19.05%.In soil planted with A.centralasiatica,A.sinensis and P.tenuiflora,the pH and Mg^(2+)were also significantly reduced,with respective pH reductions of 3.99%,4.58%and 4.63%and Mg^(2+)reductions of 11.81%,14.54%and 17.57%.The experimental soils were most improved by A.centralasiatica,A.sinensis and P.tenuiflora.The beneficial effects of the different plants varied with growth stage:S.europaea best reduced soil salinity in the early growth stage,but salinity reduction with A.centralasiatica,A.sinensis and P.tenuiflora was more pronounced during the middle and late stages.

关 键 词：湿地植物 黄河三角洲 土壤PH 降盐作用 

分 类 号：Q948.11[生物学—植物学]