人工湿地堵塞监测方法的研究进展  

Review of Methods for Monitoring Clogging of Constructed Wetlands

作　　者：张明珍 徐栋[1] 武俊梅[1] 吴振斌[1] ZHANG Ming-zhen;XU Dong;WU Jun-mei;WU Zhen-bin(State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology,Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430072,P.R.China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水生生物研究所淡水生态与生物技术国家重点实验室,湖北武汉430072 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《水生态学杂志》2021年第3期121-126,共6页Journal of Hydroecology

基　　金：国家“十三五”水专项(2017ZX07602002-004);中国科学院科技服务网络计划资助(KFJ-STS-ZDTP-038)。

摘　　要：比较分析目前人工湿地堵塞常见和可能的监测方法,对人工湿地堵塞监测方法和装置设备的研究方向及重点进行了展望,以期为堵塞湿地的长期监测提供参考。根据湿地内部水力学分析、基质或堵塞物物理化学性质将监测方法分为原位法和异位法。原位法中基于水力传导率测定的下降水头法和恒定水头法应用广泛;示踪剂技术较为简明直观,常用作堵塞湿地水流模型的建立;时域反射探针、探地雷达以及核磁共振传感器等新型原位探针技术对湿地内部造成的干扰较小,在湿地堵塞物定性定量方面具有良好发展前景;基于湿地内部电阻效应的微生物燃料电池法是目前研究的热点;基于基质孔隙率和堵塞物成分和性质的异位测定法还有较大提升空间;新兴的以蚯蚓为主的生物监测和根区微生物监测同样值得探索。Clogging of constructed wetlands is a subject of global interest.In this paper,based on a review of published research results,we compared and analyzed both current and potential methods for monitoring clogging of constructed wetlands.Research directions and primary monitoring methods and devices were considered,with the aim of providing a reference for effective long-term monitoring of wetland clogging.The monitoring methods can be classified as in-situ and ex-situ,depending on the hydraulic properties of the constructed wetland and the physicochemical properties of both the substrate and the material responsible for clogging.Among in-situ methods,the falling head method and constant head method,based on measurement of hydraulic conductivity,are widely used.When a constructed wetland is found to be gradually clogging,tracer testing is often used to develop a flow model because it is relatively simple and intuitive.More recently developed in-situ methods include probe technology,including time domain reflection(TDR),ground penetrating radar(GPR)and nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR),suffers less interference in the interior of the wetland,and prospects are good for developing qualitative and quantitative research on materials causing wetland clogging.microbial fuel cell(MFC)technology,based on the resistance that develops in a wetland is currently an emphasis area.Ex-situ methods,based on substrate porosity and the composition and properties of clogging materials,have great potential for improvement.Emerging biological methods,based primarily on monitoring earthworms and rhizospheric microbes,are also worthy of exploring.

关 键 词：人工湿地 堵塞 监测 原位法 异位法 

分 类 号：X703.1[环境科学与工程—环境工程]