秸秆粉碎种行旋耕苗带覆盖棉花播种机的设计与试验  

Design and Experiment of Smash Straw and Covering Seed Banding with Seed-row Rotary Tillage of Cotton Planter

作　　者：赵金[1] 郑超[1] 苏磊峰 张晋国[1] 李峰涛 李江波 赵西哲 Zhao Jin;Zheng Chao;Su Leifeng;Zhang Jinguo;Li Fengtao;Li Jiangbo;Zhao Xizhe(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Agricultural University of Hebei,Baoding 071001,China;Hebei Shuang Tian machinery manufacturing Co.Ltd.,Dingzhou 073000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学机电工程学院,河北保定071001 [2]河北双天机械制造有限公司,河北定州073000

出　　处：《农机化研究》2021年第6期66-72,共7页Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research

基　　金：河北省棉花产业协同创新中心资助项目(2014-2019);国家重点研发计划粮食丰产增效科技创新专项(2017YFD0300907)。

摘　　要：设计了一种秸秆粉碎种行旋耕苗带覆盖棉花播种机。该机具采用双轴结构,可将前茬棉花秸秆进行粉碎,再进行种行旋耕整理苗床,随后进行播种;播种作业结束后,被粉碎的前茬棉花秸秆铺洒在播种行上,最后进行镇压。该机具可处理前茬棉花秸秆,减少了作业环节,且未设置铺膜机构,保护了环境。试验结果表明:在播种深度设置为3.5cm、镇压力设定为35kN/m^(2)时,棉花的出苗率可达到86.5%,机具粉碎秸秆的平均长度为14.00cm,平均合格率为91.34%。机具作业后,测得被秸秆覆盖的土壤的土壤坚实度比未被秸秆覆盖的土壤的土壤坚实度低26.42%,说明秸秆覆盖有助于降低土壤坚实度,对棉花出苗起到有利作用。A smash straw and covering seed banding with seed-row rotary tillage of cotton planter has been designed, the planter adopts double shaft structure, it can crush the cotton straw which were left last season, then the seedbed is prepared with seed-row rotary tillage. Crush the straw and sprinkle it on the seed line, then compacting after seeding. This planter can deal with the cotton straw, reduce the work link, and there is no plastic film laying mechanism, which can protect the environment. The results show that when the sowing depth is set to 3.5 cm and the pressure is set to 35 kN/m^(2), the cotton emergence rate can reach 86.5%, the average length of straw crushed by the planter was 14.00 cm, and the average qualification rate was 91.34%, the soil firmness of the soil covered by straw was 26.42% lower than that the soil without covered, it says that straw mulching is helpful to decrease soil firmness and advantageous to cotton seed germination.

关 键 词：棉花播种机 秸秆覆盖 气吸播种 种行旋耕 

分 类 号：S223.26[农业科学—农业机械化工程]