小型玉米收获机的设计与试验  

Design and Test of Small Corn Harvester

作　　者：孙兆柱 杨永发[1] 祁禹衡 王园园 王盼盼 Sun Zhaozhu;Yang Yongfa;Qi Yuheng;Wang Yuanyuan;Wang Panpan(College of Mechanical and Transportation,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,China)

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学机械与交通学院,昆明650224

出　　处：《农机化研究》2021年第6期84-88,共5页Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research

基　　金：云南省科技计划项目(2018DC017)。

摘　　要：针对云南地区地形特点、玉米种植模式及玉米品种,根据现有玉米收获技术设计了小型玉米收获机,阐述了整机、传动系统、摘穗装置、剥皮装置、切碎还田装置的设计及特点。对整机部件进行合理配置,使整机的设计结构紧凑;摘穗辊采用金属与橡胶两种材料结合的方式,能够有效降低摘穗过程中玉米果穗的损伤率;对剥皮装置进行设计及优化改进,有效提高了玉米苞叶剥净率,降低了玉米果穗的损伤率及玉米籽粒破碎率。田间试验表明:机具作业状态符合玉米收获机行业标准,平均损失率为3.5%,苞叶剥净率为88.6%,籽粒破碎率≤1%,回转式切碎装置对玉米秸秆的切碎效果较好,可为云南地区的玉米收获机械化发展提供借鉴。According to the topographic features of yunnan region, corn planting mode and corn varieties, according to the existing corn harvesting technology, the design of a small corn harvester was studied and designed.The design of the whole machine parts for a reasonable configuration, so that the whole machine design structure compact;The picking roller adopts the combination of metal and rubber, which can effectively reduce the damage rate of corn ear in the process of picking.The design, optimization and improvement of the peeling device can effectively improve the stripping rate of corn bract, reduce the damage rate of corn ear and the breakage rate of corn kernel.The field test showed that the operating state of this model was in line with the industry standard of corn harvester, with loss rate of 3.5%, bract stripping rate of 88.6% and seed breakage rate of 1%.It provides reference for the development of maize harvesting mechanization in yunnan area.

关 键 词：玉米收获机 摘穗辊 剥皮装置 云南地区 

分 类 号：S225.51[农业科学—农业机械化工程]