玉米追肥机械施肥技术研究现状与分析  

Research Status and Analysis on Fertilization Technology of Corn Topdressing Machinery

作　　者：何亚凯 赵学观[1,2] 李翠玲 窦汉杰[2,3] 李思 王秀 He Yakai;Zhao Xueguan;Li Cuiling;Dou Hanjie;Li Si;Wang Xiu(Beijing Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture,Beijing 100097,China;National Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture,Beijing 100097,China;College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]北京农业智能装备技术研究中心,北京100097 [2]国家农业智能装备工程技术研究中心,北京100097 [3]西北农林科技大学机械与电子工程学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《农机化研究》2021年第7期1-9,共9页Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research

基　　金：“十三五”国家重点研发项目(2016YFD0200604)。

摘　　要：玉米作为重要的粮食作物和战略物资,其产量的提高尤为重要。玉米种植中后期追肥能够有效提高作物产量,减少播种时基肥施用量,提高肥料利用率,降低土壤板结现象,增加玉米种植生产的综合效益。目前,国内玉米种植中后期追肥作业仍以人工为主,作业效率较低,限制了我国玉米产业的快速发展,加速了玉米追肥机械化的需求。机械化追肥作业能够有效地解放劳动力,显著提高作业效率,减少肥料的浪费。为此,阐述了国内外追肥机械研究与应用现状,并对玉米追肥机械施肥结构与技术特点进行分析,总结我国玉米追肥机械施肥技术研究存在的问题与不足,为我国玉米追肥机械的研究和发展提出建议。Corn is an important food crop and strategic materials in China.The improvement of corn production is particularly important for the development of our country.At the middle and later periods of maize growth,the topdressing can effectively increase the crop yield,reduce the use of base fertilizer,improve the utilization ration of fertilizer,and the phenomenon of soil harden,which increases the comprehensive benefit of corn production.At present,the corn topdressing work is still dominated by artificial fertilization and the topdressing efficiency is lower,which limits the rapid development of maize industry and also accelerates the demand of topdressing machinery in China.The mechanized fertilizer can liberate the workforce effectively,improve topdressing efficiency significantly,and reduce the waste of fertilizer.The research progress and application status of topdressing machinery was stated.And the fertilization structure and technical characteristic of corn topdressing machinery was analyzed and discussed at home and abroad.The problems and deficiencies existing in current domestic fertilization technology of corn topdressing machinery were summarized.Furthermore,some suggestions were proposed for the research and development of domestic maize fertilizer machinery.

关 键 词：玉米 追肥机械 施肥技术 研究现状 存在问题 

分 类 号：S233.3[农业科学—农业机械化工程] S224.2[农业科学—农业工程]