基于电控自动净种窝眼轮式大豆播种器的设计与试验  

Design and Experiment of Automatic Seed-clearing Wheel-type Soybean Seeder Based on Electronic Control

作　　者：刘龙 安雪 余永昌[1] 李赫[1] 刘道奇 屈哲[1] Liu Long;An Xue;Yu Yongchang;Li He;Liu Daoqi;Qu Zhe(College of Mechanical&Electrical Engineering,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Changyuan Branch,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changyuan 453400,China;College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学机电工程学院,郑州450002 [2]河南省农业科学院长垣分院,河南长垣453400 [3]西北农林科技大学机械与电子工程学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《农机化研究》2021年第7期58-63,共6页Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系专项(CARS-04-PS25)。

摘　　要：小区试验是良种优选、不同品种之间进行对比试验重要的手段和方法,随着小区播种机技术的完善与应用,已成为目前种子繁育的重要保障之一。为解决现有的大豆精播排种器存在净种困难的问题,设计了一种基于电控的自动净种窝眼轮式大豆播种器。播种器采用两个步进电机共同控制排种和净种过程,利用脉冲发生器发出的脉冲当量来控制排种轴转速和净种板开闭角度,从而实现育种过程中的单粒播种和快速净种。在排种器试验台上进行性能试验,结果表明:播种器可实现播种和净种功能,漏播指数≤0.10%,重播指数≤1.22%,株距变异系数≤2.98%,净种率≥99.10%,净种时间最小为4.39s,符合小区大豆播种的农艺要求。The breeding experimental plot is an important means and method for the comparison of improved varieties and different varieties.With the improvement and application of the breeding planter technology,it has become one of the important guarantees for seed breeding.In order to solve the problem of the existing seed-clearing difficulty of the existing soybean seeding seed metering device,an electronic control-based automatic seed-clearing wheel type soybean seeder was researched and designed.The seeder uses two stepper motors to jointly control the seeding and seed-clearing,and uses the pulse equivalent of the pulse generator to control the rotation speed of the seeding shaft and the opening and closing angle of the seed-clearing plate,thereby achieving single seeding and breeding during the breeding process and quick seed-clearing.The performance test was carried out on the seed meter test bench.The results showed that the seeder realized sowing and seed-clearing functions,the missing-seeding rate and the reseeding rate were less than 0.10%and 1.22%,the variation coefficient of plant spacing was less than 2.98%,and the seed-clearing rate was more than 99.10%.The minimum seeding time was 4.39s.The planter had good performance and was consistent with the sowing of soybeans in the plot precise seeder,agronomic requirements.

关 键 词：播种器 排种 净种 电控 大豆 

分 类 号：S223.25[农业科学—农业机械化工程]