黑龙江省玉米秸秆粉碎还田耕作机械化技术模式试验  

Experimental on Tillage Mechanization Technology Model of Coin Stalk SmaShing and Returning to Field in Heilongjiang Province

作　　者：孙士明[1] 靳晓燕[1] 王俊河[2] Sun Shiming;Jin Xiaoyan;Wang Junhe(Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Machinery Engineering Science,Harbin 150081,China;Qiqihar Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Qiqihar 161006,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业机械工程科学研究院,哈尔滨150081 [2]黑龙江省农业科学院齐齐哈尔分院,黑龙江齐齐哈尔161006

出　　处：《农机化研究》2021年第7期159-164,共6页Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-02-27)。

摘　　要：玉米是黑龙江省第一大粮食作物,也是第一大秸秆产出作物。目前,在绿色生态可持续发展理念引领下,玉米秸秆焚烧压力巨大。玉米秸秆粉碎覆盖还田、翻埋还田、碎混还田和离田耕作机械化技术模式试验表明:玉米秸秆粉碎还田耕作机械化技术模式均优于对比的玉米秸秆离田旋耕耕作机械化技术模式;玉米秸秆粉碎翻埋还田耕作机械化技术模式的秸秆腐解效果、土壤温度、有机质含量、作物生长效果最好,但机械作业成本最高;玉米秸秆粉碎覆盖还田耕作机械化技术模式土壤含水率效果最好,综合效益最高。因此,玉米秸秆综合利用应以粉碎还田为主、离田为辅,对实现“藏粮于地”、保护黑土资源、减轻环境污染具有重要意义。Corn is the largest grain crop in Heilongjiang Province and the largest straw-producing crop.Under the guidance of the concept of green ecological sustainable development,the pressure of corn stalk burning is huge.In order to change this situation,we have done four tillage mechanization technology model experiments,such as the corn stalk was smashed and covered to the field,it was smashed and buried to the field,it was smashed and mixed to the field,and it was moved away from the field.Compared with those experiments,we found the mechanization technology model of corn stalk smashing to the field is better than the model of the corn stalk moving away from the field,In addition,the mechanization technology model of the corn stalk samshing,burying to the field has the best effect in straw decomposing,soil temperature,organic matter content,and crop growth,but the cost of mechanical operation is the highest.The model of the corn stalks smashing and covering to the field with mechanized farming technology has the best soil moisture content and the highest comprehensive benefits.The comprehensive utilization of corn stalk should be mainly smashed to the field,supplemented by moving away from the field.so it is of the great significance to realize producting agricultural output from the soil",protecting the black soil resources,reducing environmental pollution.

关 键 词：玉米秸秆 粉碎还田 耕作机械化 模式 

分 类 号：S233.1[农业科学—农业机械化工程]