寒地玉米育秧生长温湿度优化试验研究  

Study on Optimizing Temperature and Humidity of Maize Seedling Raising in Cold Region

作　　者：赵越 赵胜雪[1] 马永财[1] 许秀英 张伟 Zhao Yue;Zhao Shengxue;Ma Yongcai;Xu Xiuying;Zhang Wei(College of Engineering,Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,Daqing 163319,China;College of Electrical and Information,Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,Daqing 163319,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江八一农垦大学工程学院,黑龙江大庆163319 [2]黑龙江八一农垦大学电气与信息学院,黑龙江大庆163319

出　　处：《农机化研究》2021年第7期165-174,共10页Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research

基　　金：国家重点支撑计划项目(2017YFC1601905-04);黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(LH2019E073);黑龙江八一农垦大学校内培育课题(XZR2017-10)。

摘　　要：针对传统寒地玉米种植时由于环境气温与土壤积温等因素影响,导致秧苗生长品质差等问题,以玉米育秧温湿度参数优化为目标,借鉴闭锁式育秧技术,通过均匀试验和逐步回归方法确定其对玉米秧苗表型性状有显著性影响,并利用Design-expert 8.0.6软件进行响应面分析,得到回归方程与响应曲面图,进而优化玉米育秧温湿度参数。试验结果表明:在闭锁式育秧系统环境下进行玉米育秧作业,设定光照环境不变,CO_(2)浓度恒定为440×1^(0-6),在此情况下优化后的玉米育秧适宜生长的最佳参数范围温度25~26℃,湿度48~52%RH,温度、湿度均对玉米秧苗表型性状(株高、茎基部宽、叶绿素含量SPAD和叶面积系数)影响显著(P<0.05),基于闭锁式育秧系统的寒地玉米育秧的秧苗表型性状均符合农艺要求与移栽要求(BBCH-scale13-15)。与大田直播方式进行对比试验,结果表明:虽然玉米秧苗的表型性状之间差异性不明显,但育秧时间缩短约10天。试验结果可为寒地玉米育秧作业时温湿度设定提供借鉴,为寒地玉米机械化移栽作业奠定前期基础。Aiming at the problems of poor seedling growth quality caused by environmental temperature and accumulated soil temperature in traditional cold region maize planting.The objective of this paper is to optimize the temperature and humidity parameters of maize seedling raising,and to use the closed seedling raising technology for reference.Through uniform test and stepwise regression method,it was determined that the phenotypic traits of maize seedlings were significantly affected.The Design-Expert 8.0.6 software was used to carry out response surface analysis,and the regression equation and response surface graph were obtained,and then the temperature and humidity parameters of maize seedling were optimized.The experimental results showed that,in the closed seedling-raising system environment,the light environment was set unchanged,and the concentration of CO_(2) was constant at 440×10^(-6).Under this condition,the optimized maize seedling-raising was suitable for growth.The optimum parameters ranged from 25℃~26℃and humidity48%RH~52%RH.Temperature and humidity had significant effects on the phenotypic traits of maize seedlings(plant height,stem base width,chlorophyll content SPAD and leaf area coefficient)(P<0.05).The phenotypic traits of maize seedlings based on closed seedling system met the agronomic and transplanting requirements(BBCH-scale 13-15),and compared with the live broadcast of Daejeon,the results showed that although the difference in phenotypic traits of maize seedlings was not obvious,the breeding time was shortened by about 10 days.The experimental results can provide reference for setting temperature and humidity during seedling raising in cold region,and lay a foundation for mechanized transplanting of cold region maize.

关 键 词：寒地玉米 闭锁式育秧 温湿度 

分 类 号：S625.51[农业科学—园艺学]