泰国政府扶贫减贫战略解析  

An Analysis of Poverty Alleviation Strategies of the Thai Government

作　　者：李仁良 LI Renliang

机构地区：[1]泰国国家发展管理研究生院社会发展与管理战略学院

出　　处：《东南亚纵横》2020年第6期55-63,共9页Crossroads：Southeast Asian Studies

摘　　要：泰国是一个发展中国家,消除贫困和缩小贫富差距是其一项长期而艰巨的任务。经过历届政府的努力,泰国的扶贫减贫工作取得了可喜的成就,贫困人口占总人口的比例从1988年的65.2%下降到2017年的8.5%。尽管如此,泰国仍有530万人的生活水平在贫困边缘徘徊,随时都有可能变为贫困人口。泰国贫困群体形成的主要原因在于经济结构不利于贫困群体掌握资源、个人因素和条件的限制等。泰国历届政府制定和实施了各项战略来减贫扶贫,如土地改革战略、农村基金、医疗卫生扶持政策(“30铢治百病”计划)、15年免费高质量教育、农产品最低保障价、大米典押政策、“最低日薪300铢”计划及巴育政府福利卡精准扶贫项目等措施,根据地区、群体和个人的具体情况来实施精准扶贫、减贫,取得了一定的效果,使得不少贫困人口摆脱贫困。若是要使贫困问题最终得到解决,泰国还需提高人民的生活质量,并对政治、经济和社会结构进行改革。Thailand is a developing country.It is a long-term and arduous task for Thailand to eliminate poverty and narrow the gap between the rich and the poor.With the efforts of successive governments,Thailand has made gratifying achievements in poverty alleviation.The proportion of Thailand’s poverty-stricken population in the total population decreased from 65.2%in 1988 to 8.5%in 2017.Nevertheless,5.3 million people are still struggling to survive in Thailand,and they are likely to become poor at any time.The main reasons for the poverty in Thailand are as follows:the economic structure is not conducive to the poor groups’control of resources,limitations of personal factors and conditions,etc.,Successive Thai governments have formulated and implemented various strategies to alleviate targeted poverty,such as land reform strategy,rural fund,medical and health support policy(the 30-Baht Health-Care Scheme),15 years of free high-quality education,minimum guarantee price of agricultural products,rice-pledging scheme,the 300-Baht Minimum Wage Policy and the Prayuth government’welfare card policy,etc.The targeted poverty alleviation projects were implemented according to different regions,groups and individuals.The Prayuth’s government has achieved certain outcomes with many poor people out of poverty.However,if the problem is to be finally addressed,Thailand still needs to improve the quality of people’s life and reform the political,economic and social structure.

关 键 词：泰国 减贫扶贫 战略 

分 类 号：F113.9[经济管理—国际贸易]