机械化硬枝嫁接接口形式的研究  

Research on Interface Form of Mechanized Hard Branch Grafting

作　　者：陈成 黄庆阳 姜海勇[1] Chen Cheng;Huang Qingyang;Jiang Haiyong(School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学机电工程学院,河北保定071000

出　　处：《农机化研究》2021年第8期143-150,共8页Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0700600)。

摘　　要：目前,机械化硬枝嫁接接口形式均为传统手工嫁接接口形式,存在结构复杂、接口易开裂等缺点,不适用于机械化硬枝嫁接。为此,对其接口形式进行研究,提出了4种机械化硬枝嫁接接口形式。为了确定最优的嫁接口形式,分别对4种接口形式中的砧木与穗木设置8.4°、11.4°和14.4°等3种角度差,利用ABAQUS软件建立了砧木与穗木进行对接的有限元模型,并对其进行应力、接口开裂难易程度与夹持力分析。结果表明:斜V型嫁接口短削面外部区域的应力较集中且应力值较大,易使短削面产生塑性变形;瓶颈型嫁接口由于颈部的圆弧形结构减少了应力集中,因此该接口处的应力值最小,但其接口形状复杂;滑梯型嫁接口应力主要集中在短削面底端附近,应力区域随角度差增加逐渐缩小,但该区域内的应力值最大,易使短削面产生塑性变形;矩型嫁接口结构简单,且接口处的应力值较小,应力区域没有向外扩大,削面中应力分布也比较均匀,有利于实现机械化嫁接;与其他3种形式嫁接口相比,矩型嫁接口中砧木接口最难开裂,更利于保证嫁接的成活率;斜V型与滑梯型嫁接口的短削面间夹持力最大,长削面间夹持力较小,二者长、短削面间夹持力相差较大,不利于对接后接口的稳定;矩型嫁接口的夹持力比瓶颈型的大,更利于对接后接口的稳定。在此基础上,进行了夹持力实验,并将实验结果与仿真结果进行对比,结果表明:斜V型嫁接口在角度差为8.4°时,短削面间和长削面间的夹持力的仿真值和实验值相对误差最大,分别为12.04%和11.54%,仿真值和实验值吻合较好,验证了仿真值的可行性。At present, the mechanized hard graft grafting interface is the traditional manual grafting interface form, but most of the interface forms have the disadvantages of complex structure and easy cracking of the interface, and are not suitable for mechanized hard graft grafting. In order to solve this problem, this paper studies its interface form, and proposes four mechanized hard graft grafting interface forms. In order to determine the optimal marrying interface form, three angle differences of 8.4°, 11.4° and 14.4° were set for the rootstock and earwood in the four interface forms respectively, and the finite element model of the docking of rootstock and earwood was established using ABAQUS software. Stress analysis, interface cracking difficulty analysis and clamping force analysis were carried out. The results show that the stress in the outer area of the short-cut face of the inclined V-shaped joint is relatively concentrated and the stress value is large, which is easy to cause plastic deformation of the short-cut face;bottleneck Due to the circular arc-shaped structure of the neck, the stress concentration is reduced, so the stress value at this interface is the smallest, but the shape of the interface is complicated;the stress of the slide-type interface is mainly concentrated near the bottom of the short cut surface, and the stress area varies with angle The increase is gradually reduced, but the stress value in this area is the largest, which is easy to cause plastic deformation of the short cut surface;the rectangular joint interface structure is simple, and the stress value at the interface is small, the stress area does not expand outward, and the stress distribution in the cut surface is also relatively Uniform, which is conducive to mechanized grafting;compared with the other three types of grafting interfaces, the rootstock interface is the most difficult to crack in the rectangular grafting interface, which is more conducive to ensuring the survival rate of the grafting;the clamping between the

关 键 词：机械化硬枝嫁接 接口形式 有限元 接口应力 

分 类 号：S233.1[农业科学—农业机械化工程]