二次气液二相流超低量喷雾器的特性试验研究  

The Study on Properties for Ultra-low Volume Sprayer With Secondary Gas-liquid Two-phase Flow

作　　者：王果 陈晓 龚艳 刘德江 缪友谊 Wang Guo;Chen Xiao;Gong Yan;Liu Dejiang;Miao Youyi(Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Mechanization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanjing 210014,China)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所,南京210014

出　　处：《农机化研究》2021年第8期151-157,共7页Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0201304,2017YFD0200303);国家西甜瓜产业技术体系项目(CARS-25)。

摘　　要：基于气力雾化与风送施药技术,并结合背负式电动喷雾器,研发了一种二次气液二相流超低量喷雾器。将该机具与传统的担架式机动喷雾机在种植网纹瓜的设施大棚内进行田间喷雾试验对比,结果显示:经试验测算,二次气液二相流超低量喷雾器单位面积施药量最大为20L/hm^(2),仅为担架式机动喷雾机的26.7%;雾滴在作物叶片正反两面上均有明显沉积附着,且正反面上雾滴覆盖率差异为3.076%,沉积量差异为0.268μg/cm^(2),远小于担架式机动喷雾的33.272%、3.278μg/cm^(2);与担架式机动喷雾机相比,药液在叶片背面有较好的沉积覆盖,平均覆盖率及沉积量分别为9.523%、0.456μg/cm^(2),大于担架式机动喷雾机的7.397%、0.406μg/cm^(2),且雾滴沉积覆盖均匀性总体优于担架式机动喷雾机,尤其叶片反面,覆盖率和沉积量变异系数分别为0.161、0.187,远小于担架式机动喷雾机0.438、0.454。该机具具有良好的雾化效果,药液雾化更充分,产生的雾滴均匀性较好,且在风力辅助下,雾滴在作物冠层具有较强的穿透性,可有效附着于叶片背面,改善了农药的防治效果,达到了农药减量高效施用的目的。A kind of ultra-low volume sprayer of secondary gas-liquid two-phase flow, which is combined with knapsack electric sprayer, is developed based on the pneumatic atomization and air-assisted pesticide application. The comparative test operated in the facility greenhouse of melon against stretcher mounted sprayer showed that: the maximum application amount of ultra-low volume sprayer of secondary gas-liquid two-phase flow is 20 L/hm^(2), 26.7% of the stretcher mounted sprayer. The difference of the coverage and the deposition between the positive and negative side of leaves are 3.076% and 0.268μg/cm^(2), far less than stretcher mounted sprayer, which are 33.272% and 3.278μg/cm^(2).Meanwhile, compared with stretcher mounted sprayer, the droplet coverage and deposition on the negative side of leaves are 9.523%,0.456μg/cm^(2), more than stretcher mounted sprayer, which are 7.397%,0.406μg/cm^(2). For the ultra-low volume sprayer of secondary gas-liquid two-phase flow, the uniformity of droplet coverage and deposition are more superior than stretcher mounted sprayer on the whole, especially on the negative side of leaves, the coefficient of variation of droplet coverage and deposition are 0.161 and 0.187, far less than stretcher mounted sprayer, which are 0.438 and 0.454. The test results show that: the new developed ultra-low volume sprayer of secondary gas-liquid two-phase flow is featured with excellent atomization effect, which is able to make the atomization of pesticide liquid more fully, and produce more uniform droplet. With the assistant of wind field, the droplet, with excellent penetration through canopy, is able to attached on the negative side of leaves in effect, improving the prevention effect of pesticide, achieving the purpose of application reduction and efficiency improvement of pesticide.

关 键 词：施药机具 二次气液二相流雾化技术 雾滴沉积分布 设施作物 

分 类 号：S491[农业科学—植物保护]