汽车与护栏碰撞立柱绊阻机理及防止措施  

Mechanism and Prevention Measures of Post Stumbling Obstruction in Car⁃Guardrail Collision

作　　者：赵坤民[1,2] 崔娜杰 赵德望 任大鑫 沈羡玉[2] Zhao Kunmin;Cui Najie;Zhao Dewang;Ren Daxin;Shen Xianyu(Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116024;Hezhong New Energy Automotive Co.,Ltd.,Tongxiang 314500;BAIC Motor Corporation Ltd.,Beijing 101300)

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学,大连116024 [2]合众新能源汽车有限公司,桐乡314500 [3]北汽股份有限公司,北京101300

出　　处：《汽车工程》2021年第5期746-753,共8页Automotive Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51775160);博士后科学基金面上项目(2020M680947)资助。

摘　　要：为研究汽车与公路护栏的碰撞安全性,按照国家公路护栏标准建立了波形梁板护栏的有限元模型,采用某款车型构建了汽车-护栏碰撞仿真模型,从车辆的运行轨迹、车辆质心加速度、护栏最大动态变形量和护栏各部件的吸能性对护栏进行分析,发现立柱对车轮的绊阻使车辆质心加速度超过了国家标准限值,对车内乘员的安全造成严重威胁。分析了立柱绊阻的机理,并设计了填充型立柱和N型弯曲立柱,通过仿真验证了两种改进立柱能明显改善汽车-护栏碰撞安全性。最后利用正交试验研究了护栏板厚度、立柱间距、立柱厚度和立柱结构对汽车-护栏碰撞安全性的影响,选取了最优参数组合。仿真验证的结果表明,经优化的护栏可有效避免或减少立柱绊阻,提高了护栏的碰撞安全性。For studying the collision safety in a car-guardrail accident,a finite element model of the corrugated beam guardrail is established in accordance with the national highway guardrail standard,and a car-guardrail collision simulation model is constructed based on a car model. The corrugated beam guardrail is analyzed in terms of the running trajectory and mass acceleration of vehicle and the maximum dynamic deformation and the energy absorbing performance of each part of guardrail,and it is found that the stumbling obstruction of the post to vehicle wheel makes the acceleration of vehicle.s mass center exceed the national standard limit,posing a serious threat to the safety of the occupants in the vehicle. The mechanism of the post stumbling obstruction is analyzed,and a filled post and an N-shaped bent post are designed and then verified by simulation to be effective in apparently improving the safety of car-guardrail collision. Finally,orthogonal experiments are adopted to study the influence of the corrugated beam thickness of guardrail and the thickness,spacing and structure of the post on the safety of vehicle-guardrail collision,and an optimal parameter combination is selected. The results of simulation verification show that the optimized guardrail can effectively avoid or reduce the post stumbling obstruction,enhancing the collision safety of guardrails.

关 键 词：汽车 碰撞安全性 乘员安全性 仿真 公路护栏 立柱绊阻 

分 类 号：U417.12[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]