水肥耦合对设施葡萄产量、品质和水肥利用的影响  

Effects of Water and Fertilizer Coupling on Yield,Quality and Utilization of Protected Grape

作　　者：曹毅 钟永红[3] 张赓[3] 张钟莉莉 单飞飞 郑鑫[1] Cao Yi;Zhong Yonghong;Zhang Geng;Zhang Zhonglili;Shan Feifei;Zheng Xin(College of Engineering,Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural Universty,Daqing 163319,China;Beijing Research Center for Infermation Technology in Agriculture,Beijing 100091,China;National Agricultural Technology Promotion Service Center,Beijing 100125,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江八一农垦大学工程学院,黑龙江大庆163319 [2]北京农业智能装备中心,北京100091 [3]全国农业技术推广服务中心,北京100125

出　　处：《农机化研究》2021年第9期186-193,共8页Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0403102);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(51909007);北京市农林科学院创新能力建设专项(KJCX20180701)。

摘　　要：为探究水肥耦合对设施葡萄产量、品质、水肥利用效率的影响,以便得到符合当地葡萄生长的最优的水肥组合,以扎娜葡萄为研究对象,设置不同的灌水施肥水平。灌水水平设置为3个水平(低水W_(1)、中水W_(2)、高水W_(3),灌溉量分别为0.5ET_(0)、0.75ET_(0)、ET_(0)),施肥水平设置为3个水平(低肥F_(1)、中肥F_(2)、高肥F 3,总施肥量分别为450、675、900kg/hm^(2)),共9个水肥组合处理,每个处理设3个重复,探索适合设施葡萄生长水肥一体化管理模式。试验结果表明:水肥耦合效应对产量及品质产生了显著性影响(P<0.01),且灌水量对产量、品质的影响大于施肥量的影响;在一定范围内,增加灌水量和施肥量,有利于果实产量和品质的提高。通过计算机建模寻优,考虑葡萄产量、品质、灌溉水利用效率和肥料偏生产力等指标因素,得到适合本地区温室葡萄最优水肥用量即灌水量为2844~3355m^(3)/hm^(2),施肥量为588~830kg/hm^(2)。To explore the effect of water and fertilizer coupling on the yield,quality and utilization efficiency of protected grape in order to determine the optimal combination of water and fertilizer suitable for the growth of local grape.Zana grape was taken as the research object,and the irrigation level was set to three levels(that is,low water W1,reclaimed water W_(2),high water W_(3),irrigation amount 0.5ET_(0),0.75ET_(0),ET_(0)).The fertilizer level was set to three levels that is,low fertilizer F_(1),medium fertilizer F_(2),high fertilizer F 3,and the total amount of fertilizer was 450kg/hm^(2),675kg/hm^(2),900kg/hm^(2),respectively.The results showed that the coupling effect of water and fertilizer had a significant effect on yield and quality(P<0.01),and the effect of irrigation on yield and quality was greater than that of fertilizer.the results showed that the coupling effect of water and fertilizer had significant effect on yield and quality(P<0.01),and the effect of irrigation amount on yield and quality was greater than that of fertilizer application.The results showed that the coupling effect of water and fertilizer had significant effect on yield and quality(P<0.01).In a certain range,increasing irrigation amount and fertilizer application amount is beneficial to the improvement of fruit yield and quality.Through computer modeling and optimization,considering the indexes such as grape yield,quality,water use efficiency and fertilizer partial productivity,the optimum amount of water and fertilizer for greenhouse grapes in this area is 2844-3355m^(3)/hm^(2),and the amount of fertilizer applied is 588-830kg/hm^(2),and the optimum amount of water and fertilizer is 2844-3355m^(3)/hm^(2) and 588-830kg/hm^(2),respectively.

关 键 词：水肥耦合 产量 品质 灌溉水利用效率 肥料偏生产力 

分 类 号：S491[农业科学—植物保护]