药用植物扁担杆的传粉生态学特性研究  

Ecological Characteristics of Pollination of Medicinal Plant Grewia biloba

作　　者：张晓涵 刘林德[1] 张莉[1] 胡德昌 刘志浩 孔宪海 ZHANG Xiaohan;LIU Linde;ZHANG Li;HU Dechang;LIU Zhihao;KONG Xianhai(School of Life Sciences,Ludong University,Yantai 264025,China;Three Dimensional Geotechnical Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Yantai 264001,China)

机构地区：[1]鲁东大学生命科学学院,山东烟台264039 [2]烟台三维岩土工程技术有限公司,山东烟台264001

出　　处：《鲁东大学学报（自然科学版）》2021年第3期235-241,共7页Journal of Ludong University:Natural Science Edition

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金面上项目(ZR2019MC055);山东省农业良种工程项目(2019LZGC1805);企业委托项目(2016HX040)。

摘　　要：对扁担杆(Grewia biloba)的开花物候、花粉活力、柱头可授性、繁育系统、访花昆虫及频率进行定位观测,揭示扁担杆植株的有性生殖传粉机理,以期为扁担杆植株的种质资源保护提供参考依据。结果显示:扁担杆,单花花期5 d,种群花期50~55 d左右。花粉活力从蕾期、初开期(花瓣与花柱的夹角<30°)、盛开期(花瓣与柱头夹角≥90°)、凋落期,呈现先升高后降低的趋势。初开期时雄花达92.34%±1.77%,两性花为72.62%±8.76%,且此时柱头可授性最强。两性花与雌花柱头在开花当天就具有过氧化物酶活性,柱头盘状有四裂,这增大了接受花粉的可能性;两性花花粉胚珠比为59596.75~101653.25,扁担杆以异交为主要传粉者,也存在自交,在两性花中自然座果率为27%±1%;中华蜜蜂、意大利蜜蜂、中国芦蜂是扁担杆的最常见访花者,昆虫访问雌花频率略低于雄花与两性花。就不同生境生长的扁担杆来看,槐树林内扁担杆的访花昆虫物种数丰富但访花频率极不均匀,而灌木丛内访花昆虫的访花频率则拥有较高的均匀度。综上所述,扁担杆的花粉量大且活力高,柱头可授性强,花粉活力与柱头可授性在同一时期到达峰值,能确保高效传粉;访花者的访花行为与花朵结构及周围生境相适应,扁担杆是一种异交为主,自交与异交相结合的植物。The flowering phenology,pollen viability,stigma receptivity,breeding system,behavior of flower-visiting insects and frequency of Grewia biloba were undertaken positioning observation,to reveal the sexual pollination mechanism of Grewia biloba and provide reference for the protection of germplasm resources of Grewia biloba.The results showed that the Grewia biloba had a flowering period of 5 days for a single flower.The flowering period of the population was around 50~55 d.Pollen vitality showed a trend of first increased and then decreased from the bud stage,to the initial blooming stage(the angle between the petals and the stigma<30°),the blooming stage(the petals and the stigma angle≥90°),and the withering stage.The male flowers reached 92.34%±1.77%at the initial blooming stage,the bisexual flowers were 72.62%±8.76%,and the stigma was the strongest at this time.The stigmas of bisexual flowers and female flowers have peroxidase activity on the day of flowering,and the stigmas are discshaped with four lobes,which increased the possibility of receiving pollen;the ratio of pollen ovules of hermaphrodite flowers was 59596.75~101653.25.Grewia biloba is mainly outcrossed and need to be pollinated,and self-crossing also existed,and the natural fruit setting rate in bisexual flowers was 27±1%;Apis cerana,Apis mellifera ligustica,and Ceratina chinensis were the most common flower visitors to the Grewia biloba.The frequency of insects visiting female flowers was slightly lower than that of male flowers and bisexual flowers.Around this period,the number of visits to female flowers by Chinese reed bees was significantly higher than the other two flowers in terms of the Grewia biloba growed in different habitats.The number of flower-visiting insects on the Grewia biloba in the locust forest is abundant,but the frequency of visiting flowers was extremely uneven,and the visiting frequency of the flower-visiting insects in the bushes had a relatively high degree of uniformity.In summary,Grewia biloba had a large amount o

关 键 词：扁担杆 花粉活力 柱头可授性 繁育系统 传粉者 

分 类 号：Q948.1[生物学—植物学]