The effects of pre-equilibrium emission and secondary decay on the determination of freeze-out volume at intermediate energies  

作　　者：Hui-Xiao Duan Dong-Hai Zhang Fan Zhang Hai-Shun Wu 段慧晓;张东海;张凡;武海顺(Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials Ministry of Education,School of Chemistry and Material Science,Shanxi Normal University,Linfen 041004,China;Institute of Modern Physics,Shanxi Normal University,Linfen 041004,China;Department of Electronic Information and Physics.Changzhi University,Changzhi 046011,China)

机构地区：[1]Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials Ministry of Education,School of Chemistry and Material Science,Shanxi Normal University,Linfen 041004,China [2]Institute of Modern Physics,Shanxi Normal University,Linfen 041004,China [3]Department of Electronic Information and Physics.Changzhi University,Changzhi 046011,China

出　　处：《Chinese Physics C》2021年第5期173-178,共6页中国物理C（英文版）

基　　金：Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11905018);Scientific and Technological Innovation Programs of Higher Education Institutions of Shanxi Province,China (2019L0908)

摘　　要：The effects of pre-equilibrium emission and secondary decay on the determination of the freeze-out volume are investigated using the isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamics model accompanied by the statistical decay model GEMINI.Small-mass projectiles and large-mass targets with central collisions are studied at intermediate energies.It is revealed that the proton yields of pre-equilibrium emission are smaller than those of secondary decay.However,the determination of the freeze-out volume from the proton yields is more easily affected by pre-equilibrium emission.Moreover,the percentage of proton yields in the freezeout stage is found to be approxim-ately 50%.

关 键 词：freeze-out volume nuclear temperature quadrupole momentum 

分 类 号：O572.2[理学—粒子物理与原子核物理]