延怀盆地葡萄种植区条状植草覆盖模式防风蚀效果研究  

Wind erosion prevention effect of strip grass cover in grape planting area of Yanhuai basin

作　　者：李晓娜[1] 万秀云 赵春桥[1] 张微微[1] 王超 LI Xiaona;WAN Xiuyun;ZHAO Chunqiao;ZHANG Weiwei;WANG Chao(Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Beijing Research&Development Centre for Grass and Environment,Beijing 100097;Huailai Bureau of Agricultural and Rural Affairs,Huailai 075400,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市农林科学院北京草业与环境研究发展中心,北京100097 [2]河北省怀来县农业农村局,怀来075400

出　　处：《干旱区资源与环境》2021年第5期123-129,共7页Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment

基　　金：北京市农林科学院科技创新能力建设专项(KJCX20180405;KJCX20180707)资助。

摘　　要：研究条状植草覆盖模式对延怀盆地葡萄种植区土壤风蚀防治效果,可为改善葡萄园生态环境,推动葡萄产业可持续发展提供数据支撑。本文以怀来县为研究对象,采用野外调查和室内分析相结合的方法,以传统清耕为对照,分析了在葡萄架下条带状种植披针叶苔草、小叶型白三叶、多年生黑麦草和苜蓿4种草本植物近地表风速、地表粗糙度、月风蚀量和土壤粒级的影响。结果表明:1)与传统清耕相比,4种植草覆盖模式均能显著降低距地表10cm、20cm、200cm风速,其中苜蓿覆盖模式下,距地表10cm、20cm风速降低幅度最大,分别为62.7%和45.4%。2)4种植草覆盖模式均能显著增加地表粗糙度,为传统裸地地表粗糙度的5.5-52.3倍。3)4种植草覆盖模式均能降低埋土区域地表风蚀量,增加非埋土区域风蚀物沉积量,风蚀量降低幅度表现为苜蓿>多年生黑麦草>披针叶苔草>小叶型白三叶。4)披针叶苔草、多年生黑麦草和苜蓿3种植草覆盖模式能有效降低地表土壤0.05-0.002mm粉粒的损失。在该区域采取条状植草覆盖模式能够达到降低近地表风速、拦截风沙、降低风蚀的作用。The study of wind erosion prevention effect of strip grass could provide data support for improving ecological environment and promoting the sustainable development of grape industry in grape planting area of Yanhuai Basin. In this paper, the experiment was taken in Huailai county, four types of grass(Carex Lanceolata Boott, Trifolium repens L., Lolium perenne L., Medicago Sativa Linn) were selected as the treatments, and traditional floor management(weed removal and bare land) was taken as the control. Wind speed, roughness, soil wind erosion and soil particle size were analyzed. The results showed that the wind speed of 10 cm, 20 cm and 200 cm above the ground could be significantly reduced under the four grass mulching patterns, and the wind speed of 10 cm, 20 cm above the ground was the smallest under Medicago Sativa Linn cover mode, while the wind speeds were reduced by 62.7% and 45.4%, respectively. Compared with control, the roughness of four grass cover modes were increased by 5.5-52.3 folds. The soil wind erosions of four grass cover modes were decreased significantly compared with control, and the order of reduction was Medicago Sativa Linn> Lolium perenne L.> Carex Lanceolata Boott> Trifolium repens L.. Medicago Sativa Linn, Lolium perenne L. and Carex Lanceolata Boott could effectively reduce the erosion of 0.05-0.002 mm soil fraction. So, in this area, strip grass cover mode can reduce the near surface wind speed, intercept sand and reduce wind erosion.

关 键 词：覆盖 风蚀 风速 粗糙度 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]