窝眼式谷子穴播排种器充种性能研究  

Study on the Filling Performance of the Seed-filling Device of Socket-roller

作　　者：李衣菲[1] 衣淑娟[1] 孙志江[1] 陈涛 马成成 董洁 Li Yifei;Yi Shujuan;Sun Zhijiang;Chen Tao;Ma Chengcheng;Dong Hao(School of Engineering,Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,Daqing 163319,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江八一农垦大学工程学院,黑龙江大庆163319

出　　处：《农机化研究》2021年第11期57-63,共7页Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research

基　　金：大庆市指导性科技计划项目(zd-2019-39);黑龙江省特色学科建设项目(2018-2020);“十三五”国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0701801-02)。

摘　　要：谷子传统播种方式为条播,种植早期需间苗、保苗,增加了种植难度。窝眼式排种器是小粒籽粒穴播常用排种器,轮上窝眼的形状可根据种子三轴尺寸及囊种个数确定。为此,通过充种时产生的内力大小及包种能力确定了窝眼形状,归纳了2种窝眼常见囊种方式并确定了窝眼尺寸参数。以课题组绘制的谷子排种器三维模型为基础,利用EDEM离散元软件模拟了不同窝眼个数及不同窝眼轮转速条件下充种合格率大小,并绘制指标随因素水平变化曲线。试验结果表明:碗状窝眼充种时产生的内力小于锥状窝眼,"上4粒下1粒"排种方式充种粒数及排种稳定性好于"上3粒下2粒",故确定窝眼下径为1.58mm、上径为3.7mm、深度为3mm。以窝眼个数和窝眼轮转速为试验因素进行单因素仿真试验可知:4、5粒充值粒数所占比例较大,均在41%以上;型孔个数少、窝眼轮转速低时,重播率较高;型孔个数多、窝眼轮转速快时,漏播率较高;当型孔个数为20个、转速为15r/min时,充种合格率最高,充种性能最稳定。在以上条件下进行验证试验,试验误差小于0.8%,仿真试验可靠。本研究可为谷子穴播排种器充种性能或其它部件性能的分析研究提供思路。The traditional sowing mode of millet is strip sowing, but it is necessary to thinning seedlings and keeping full stand of seedlings in the early stage, which increases the difficulty of planting.The seed-planting device is a common seed-planting device for small grain seeding.The shape of seed-planting hole can be determined according to the size of the seeds and the number of seeds. In this paper, the shape of the hole was determined by the internal force and the ability of seed packing;two kinds of common saccular species were summarized according to the agricultural machinery manual;based on the 3 D model of millet seeder, the EDEM discrete element software was used to simulate the qualified rate of seed filling under the conditions of different number of holes and the rotational speed of different hole wheels, and the curve of index variation with factor level was drawn.The results showed that the internal stress of the bowl-shaped hole was less than that of cone-shaped hole, and the number and stability of 1 under 4 millets arrangement was better than that of 2 under 3 millets, so the best hole-parameters was the lower diameter was 1.58 mm;the upper diameter was 3.7 mm;and the hole depth was 3 mm.By using the number of holes and the rotational speed of the holes as the test factors,the single factor simulation test was carried out.When the number of holes was less and the speed of the hole wheel was low, the replay rate was higher, the number of holes was more and the speed of the hole wheel was fast.If the number of holes was 20 and the rotational speed was 15 r/min, the qualified rate of seed filling was the highest and the seed filling performance was the most stable.Under the above conditions, the test error was less than 0.8 and the simulation test was reliable. This paper can provide ideas for the analysis and research of seed filling performance or other components performance of millet seeding device.

关 键 词：排种器 窝眼设计 EDEM 充种性能 变化曲线 谷子 

分 类 号：S223.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程] S220.3[农业科学—农业工程]