气象降雨数据在无资料流域水文模拟中的适用性分析  

Analysis on applicability of meteorological rainfall data in hydrological simulation of ungaged watershed

作　　者：梁志明 尚毅梓 王祥[1,2] 方园皓 张涛[5] 任玉峰 杨旭 LIANG Zhiming;SHANG Yizi;WANG Xiang;FANG Yuanhao;ZHANG Tao;REN Yufeng;YANG Xu(China Three Gorges Corporation,Beijing 100038,China;Hubei Key Laboratory of Intelligent Yangtze and Hydroelectric Science,China Yangtze Power Co.,Ltd.,Yichang 443000,Hubei,China;State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China;College of Hydrology and Water Resources,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,Jiangsu,China;Hydrology Bureau of Changjiang Water Resources Commission,Wuhan 430010,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]中国长江三峡集团有限公司,北京100038 [2]智慧长江与水电科学湖北省重点实验室,湖北宜昌443000 [3]中国水利水电科学研究院流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室,北京100038 [4]河海大学水文水资源学院,江苏南京210098 [5]长江水利委员会水文局,湖北武汉430010

出　　处：《水利水电技术（中英文）》2021年第4期1-12,共12页Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering

基　　金：长江水科学联合基金资助项目(U2040210);流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室自主研究课题(SKL2020ZY10);国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)资助项目(2013CB036406)。

摘　　要：当前水文模拟过程主要采用水文监测站点提供的降雨数据,不过部分区域受自然地理和社会条件的限制,水文站点稀疏雨量数据缺乏导致水文模拟难。针对这一问题,提出了一种利用气象数据用于水文模拟的方法,并以雅砻江安宁河流域为例开展了应用研究。采用安宁河上游气象站网2001—2005年日降雨数据作为输入,支流控制站点孙水关站水文数据作为参考,率定获取孙水关站对应预报分区新安江模型参数,随后将该参数应用至安宁河流域其它无资料地区。结果表明,在有效资料有限的情况下,采用该方法验证期(2006—2010年)内孙水关、米易站流量预报平均相对误差控制在7%~8%,NSE均值分别为0.67、0.78,NSE年际之间变化幅度小且较为稳定,模拟结果基本可信且较好的反映了洪水过程,证明了流域内资料稀疏情况下气象站网数据作为流域水文模拟的降水输入合理性及安宁河流域气象水文参数迁移对水文模拟具有良好的适用性。At present,the hydrological simulation is mainly carried out with the rainfall data provided by the relevant hydrological monitoring stations,however,hydrological stations are few with deficiency of rainfall data in part of regions due to the constraints of the physical geographies and social conditions therein,and then the hydrological simulations are difficult to be made.Aiming at this problem,a method of applying meteorological rainfall data to hydrological simulation is proposed herein,while the application study is carried out through taking Anninghe River Watershed of Yalongjiang River as the study case.By taking the daily rainfall data from 2001 to 2005 of the upstream meteorological station network of Anninghe River as the inputs and the hydrological data from the tributary control station—Sunshuiguan Hydrological Station as the references,the parameters of Xinanjiang Hydrological Model for the corresponding forecast area of Sunshuiguan Hydrological Station are calibrated and obtained,and then the parameters are applied to the other ungagged areas in Anninghe River Watershed.The results show that in the case of limited available meteorological data,the mean relative errors of the flow rate predictions of Sunshuiguan Hydrological Station and Miyi Hydrological Station are controlled within the ranges of 7%~8%with the mean values of NSE of 0.67 and 0.78 respectively,while the interannual variation amplitudes of NSE are small and more stable within the verification period of 2006—2010 for this method,which indicate that the simulation results are basically credible and then can better reflect the flood processes therein,thus both the reasonability of taking the rainfall data of meteorological network as the inputs for the hydrological simulation of the watershed in case of data sparseness in the watershed and the better applicability of the migration of meteorological and hydrological parameters in Anninghe River Watershed are demonstrated as well.

关 键 词：气象降雨数据 雨量 安宁河流域 水文模拟 新安江模型 站网 径流 降水 

分 类 号：TV213.4[水利工程—水文学及水资源]