灌区明渠无喉道量水槽水力特性的影响因素研究  

Research on hydraulic characteristics influencing factors of open channel cut-throat flume in irrigation district

作　　者：孙斌[1] 朱顺 杨磊[1] 张超[1] 石喜[2] SUN Bin;ZHU Shun;YANG Lei;ZHANG Chao;SHI Xi(School of Water Conservancy Engineering,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001,Henan,China;School of Civil Engineering,Lanzhou Jiaotong University,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州大学水利科学与工程学院,河南郑州450001 [2]兰州交通大学土木工程学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《水利水电技术（中英文）》2021年第4期105-114,共10页Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51909242,52009125)。

摘　　要：为探究无喉道量水槽在不同坡度渠道的适用性,解析影响无喉道量水槽水力特性的因素,本文在模型试验的基础上,通过数值模拟软件对过槽水流进行了三维数值模拟,分析了水面线、壅水高度、佛汝德数的沿程变化及测流公式。研究结果表明,数值计算结果能够较好地表征出模型试验相关水力特性,模拟水面线结果与实测结果基本一致;基于能量守恒原理和量纲分析推出水位流量关系式,进一步拟合数据,得到了适应于不同坡度的测流公式,平均计算误差均小于5%,满足测量要求;收缩比对佛汝德数和壅水高度影响显著,当流量不变时,佛汝德数随收缩比的增大而增大,壅水高度随收缩比的减小而增大。该研究可为灌区无喉道量水槽量的应用提供一定的参考依据。In order to explore the applicability of the cut-throat measuring flume in channels with different slopes and the factors affecting the hydraulic characteristics of the cut-throat flume,we conduct a three-dimensional numerical simulation of the flow through the flume through numerical simulation software and analyzed water surface line based on the test model,backwater height,Froude number along the change and flow measurement formula.The research results show that the numerical calculation results can better characterize the relevant hydraulic characteristics of the model test,the simulated water surface line results are basically consistent with the measured results.Based on the principle of energy conservation and dimensional analysis,the water level and flow relationship are derived and the data are further fitted to obtain the flow measurement formula suitable for different slopes,the average calculation error is less than 5%,which meets the measurement requirements.The shrinkage ratio has a significant effect on the Froude number and the backwater height.When the flow rate is unchanged,the Froude number increases with the increase of the shrinkage ratio,the backwater height increases as the shrinkage ratio decreases.This study can provide a reference basis for measuring water cut-throat flume in the irrigation area.

关 键 词：矩形渠道 明渠量水 无喉道量水槽 测流公式 

分 类 号：TV133[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]