太原市城乡居民区采暖季室内灰尘中重金属的污染特征及其生态风险评价  

Characteristics of Heavy Metal Pollution and Ecological Risk Evaluation of Indoor Dust from Urban and Rural Areas in Taiyuan City During the Heating Season

作　　者：黄浩 徐子琪 严俊霞[1] 赵秀阁[3] 王丹璐[3] HUANG Hao;XU Zi-qi;YAN Jun-xia;ZHAO Xiu-ge;WANG Dan-lu(Institute of Loess Plateau,Shanxi University,Taiyuan 030006,China;Department of Environmental Science and Engineering,Beijing University of Chemical Technology,Beijing 100029,China;State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China)

机构地区：[1]山西大学黄土高原研究所,太原030006 [2]北京化工大学环境科学与工程系,北京100029 [3]中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室,北京100012

出　　处：《环境科学》2021年第5期2143-2152,共10页Environmental Science

基　　金：重点地区环境与健康调查、监测和风险评估项目(2111101);山西省高等学校“服务产业创新学科群建设计划”项目(20181401)。

摘　　要：室内灰尘中的重金属元素会对人体造成不利影响.为了解采暖季太原市城乡居民区室内灰尘中重金属的污染特征,对太原市城区和农村居民区室内灰尘样品中11种重金属元素的含量水平进行分析,用地累积指数和污染载荷指数法评价室内灰尘中重金属的污染特征,用富集因子和主成分分析法探讨了重金属的来源,利用潜在生态危害指数对室内灰尘中的重金属的潜在生态风险进行了评价.结果表明:(1)除Co、Mn和V外,室内灰尘中Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、As、Zn和Hg含量均超过了山西省土壤背景值;Co、Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni和Hg含量在城乡之间存在显著差异(P <0.05).(2)整体上室内灰尘中重金属表现为城区中度污染,农村轻度污染.城区居民区室内灰尘中Co、Mn和V未受到污染,As、Ni和Hg受到轻度污染,Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb和Zn为偏中度污染;农村室内灰尘中除Hg和V外,其余9种元素的污染程度都低于城区.(3)太原市城区和农村居民区室内灰尘中As、Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn和Hg含量主要受人为源的影响.城区主要来自于交通污染源和重工业污染源,而农村主要来自于燃煤和吸烟产生的烟尘和煤灰沉积;太原市城区和农村居民区室内灰尘中的Co、Cr、Mn、Ni和V含量主要受自然源的影响.(4)太原市城区和农村居民区室内灰尘重金属污染处于较高生态风险水平,综合生态风险指数分别为359.43和471.02,Cd和Hg贡献率最大.The presence of heavy metals in indoor dust is a world-wide concern owing to its negative impact on humans. In this study,we collected indoor dust samples from urban and rural residential areas during the heating season in Taiyuan City. We then identified the concentrations of 11 heavy metals( Cd,Co,Cr,Pb,Mn,Ni,Cu,Zn,V,As,and Hg) using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Based on the concentrations,we categorized the pollution levels of indoor dust using the geo-accumulation index and the pollution load index. We further identified the sources of heavy metals using the enrichment factor and principal component analysis.Finally,we evaluated the potential ecological risks of heavy metals via the potential ecological index. The results illustrated that(1) with the exception of Co,Mn,and V,the mean concentrations of Cd,Cr,Cu,Ni,Pb,As,Zn,and Hg in indoor dust were higher than the soil background values of Shanxi Province. There was a significant difference( P < 0. 05) in the concentrations of Co,Cr,Cu,Mn,Ni,and Hg between the urban and rural areas.(2) Overall,the pollution degree of heavy metals in indoor dust was identified as moderate in the urban area of Taiyuan City,but slight in the rural area. The indoor dust sample in the urban area was not contaminated by Co,Mn,and V. However,it was slightly polluted by As,Ni,and Hg. In addition,it was close to moderately polluted by Cd,Cr,Cu,Pb,and Zn. In the rural area,the pollution degrees of all the metals,except for Hg and V,in indoor dust were lower than those in the urban area.(3) The As,Cd,Cu,Pb,Zn,and Hg in indoor dust for both urban and rural areas might have mainly originated from anthropogenic sources. The pollution sources were mainly transportation and industry in the urban area and coal combustion and indoor smoking in the rural area. The Co,Cr,Mn,Ni,and V in indoor dust in Taiyuan City might have mainly originated from natural sources.(4) The ecological risk of heavy metal pollution in indoor dust for both the urban and rural areas of Taiyuan City was

关 键 词：室内灰尘 重金属 来源 生态风险评价 太原市 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]