松花湖水质空间差异及富营养化空间自相关分析  

Spatial Differences in Water Quality and Spatial Autocorrelation Analysis of Eutrophication in Songhua Lake

作　　者：丁洋 赵进勇[1] 张晶[1] 付意成[1] 彭文启[1] 陈渠昌[1] 李艳艳 DING Yang;ZHAO Jin-yong;ZHANG Jing;FU Yi-cheng;PENG Wen-qi;CHEN Qu-chang;LI Yan-yan(Department of Water Ecology and Environment,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院水生态环境研究所,北京100038

出　　处：《环境科学》2021年第5期2232-2239,共8页Environmental Science

基　　金：中国水科院创新领军人才项目(WE0145B532017);国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2018ZX07105-002);水利部公益性行业科研专项(201501030)。

摘　　要：为识别中国东北地区最大的人工湖——松花湖水质空间差异与富营养化的空间分布特征,运用方差分析与因子分析对丰满水库主库区、松花江三湖保护区实验区和蛟河回水区这3个区域2017年的水质采样检测结果进行了分析,运用综合营养状态指数法评价了湖区的营养状况,采用空间自相关分析对松花湖湖区富营养化水平的空间相关性与聚集度状况进行了研究.主要结果如下:(1)方差分析结果表明,除溶解氧(DO)与叶绿素a(Chla)外,总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、水温(WT)和p H值在松花湖3个区域内存在显著性差异(P <0.05),其中TN与TP区域差异最为明显;(2)因子分析结果表明,气候条件因子(WT)、营养盐因子(TN、TP)与藻类生物量因子(Chla)变化主导着湖区水质的变化;(3)综合营养状态指数法结果表明,松花湖湖区营养状态整体为轻度富营养化,3个区域的富营养化水平由强到弱依次为:蛟河回水区>丰满水库主库区>松花江三湖保护区实验区;(4)全局空间自相关的结果表明,湖区富营养化水平整体呈现显著的正空间自相关关系,由于区域富营养化水平影响范围较大,松花湖富营养化水平的空间异质性不强;(5)局部空间自相关的结果表明,蛟河回水区的中部及北部地区是湖区富营养化水平的热点(高/高集聚)区域(P <0.01),松花江三湖保护区实验区的中部是湖区富营养化水平的冷点(低/低集聚)(P <0.05).因此进行松花湖水环境治理时,应将富营养化防治的重点区域落在蛟河回水区与丰满水库主库区.To identify the spatial differences in the water quality and eutrophication characteristics of Songhua Lake,the largest artificial lake in northeast China,analysis of variance( ANOVA) and factor analysis were used to analyze the water quality sampling and testing results in 2017 in three regions,namely the main reservoir area of the Fengman Reservoir( MRAFR),the experimental area of the Songhua River Three Lakes Protection Zone( EASRTLPZ),and the Jiaohe River backwater area( JRBA). The nutrient status of the lake was evaluated by the trophic state index method,and the spatial correlation and aggregation status of the eutrophication level in Songhua Lake were studied using spatial autocorrelation analysis. The main results were as follows:(1) the ANOVA showed that,except for dissolved oxygen and chlorophyll-a( Chl-a),there were significant differences( P < 0. 05) in the total nitrogen( TN),total phosphorus( TP),water temperature( WT),and p H in the three areas of Songhua Lake,with the clearest difference between TN and TP.(2) The factor analysis showed that the changes in the climatic condition factor( WT),nutrient salt factors( TN and TP),and algal biomass factor( Chl-a) dominated the water quality in the lake.(3) The results of the trophic state index showed that the nutrient status of Songhua Lake as a whole is mildly eutrophic,and the eutrophication levels of the three regions from strong to weak are JRBA > MRAFR > EASRTLPZ.(4) The global spatial autocorrelation showed that the eutrophication level of the lake as a whole has significant positive spatial autocorrelation owing to the influence of regional eutrophication levels. The spatial heterogeneity of the eutrophication level of Songhua Lake is low.(5) The results of the local spatial autocorrelation showed that the central and northern areas of JRBA are the hot spots( high/high concentration) of eutrophication in the lake( P < 0. 01),and the central part of EASRTLPZ is the cold spot( low/low concentration) of eutrophication in the lake( P < 0. 05). Therefo

关 键 词：水质 富营养化水平 空间特征 空间自相关 松花湖 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]