会仙岩溶湿地丰平枯水期地表水污染及灌溉适用性评价  

Pollution and Irrigation Applicability of Surface Water from Wet,Normal,and Dry Periods in the Huixian Karst Wetland,China

作　　者：朱丹尼 邹胜章[1] 李军 樊连杰 赵一[1] 谢浩 朱天龙 潘民强 徐利[2] ZHU Dan-ni;ZOU Sheng-zhang;LI Jun;FAN Lian-jie;ZHAO Yi;XIE Hao;ZHU Tian-long;PAN Min-qiang;XU Li(Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics,Ministry of Natural Resources/Guangxi,Institute of Karst Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Guilin 541004,China;Hebei Key Laboratory of Water Quality Engineering and Comprehensive Utilization of Water Resources,Hebei University of Architecture,Zhangjiakou 075000,China;School of Environmental Science&Engineering,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin 541006,China;Zhangjiakou Ecological Environment Monitoring Center of Hebei Province,Zhangjiakou 075000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所,自然资源部/广西岩溶动力学重点实验室,桂林541004 [2]河北建筑工程学院,河北省水质工程与水资源综合利用重点实验室,张家口075000 [3]桂林理工大学环境科学与工程学院,桂林541006 [4]河北省张家口生态环境监测中心,张家口075000

出　　处：《环境科学》2021年第5期2240-2250,共11页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0406104);国家自然科学基金项目(41701017);张家口市市级科技计划项目(1711027C);中国地质调查项目(DD20190825)。

摘　　要：以我国典型的亚热带低海拔岩溶湿地为研究区,对该区丰水期、平水期和枯水期共采集的27组地表水样品进行12种常规离子和10种金属元素检测,在分析地表水主要离子化学特征基础上,分别运用内梅罗污染指数法以及钠吸附比法(SAR)、钠含量法(SC)、渗透指数法(PI)和残余碳酸钠法(RSC)这4种评价体系对不同时期地表水进行污染评价和灌溉适用性评价.结果表明,研究区内地表水主要为弱碱性水,Ca^(2+)和HCO_(3)^(-)为优势离子.常规指标中仅NH_(4)^(+)超过生活饮用水卫生标准限值,超标率为25.93%,金属元素中超标组分为Al(11.11%)、Mn(44.44%)和Hg(37.04%).常规指标浓度受时空尺度影响程度整体低于金属元素,两者均具有丰水期>平水期>枯水期的时期分布特征.据污染评价结果,区内地表水总体水质尚可,内梅罗综合污染指数介于0.75~2.69,主要污染指标为NH_(4)^(+)、Mn、Al和Hg,部分样点存在季节性污染,污染级别为轻度~中度,丰水期污染程度最高,污染点多分布于湿地核心区.综合农田灌溉水质标准和地表水环境质量标准限值以及SAR、SC、PI和RSC灌溉适用性评价结果,会仙岩溶湿地地表水总体适合灌溉,枯水期灌溉适用性优于丰水期和平水期,平水期PH1(Hg浓度1.91μg·L^(-1))和丰水期FH8(NH_(4)^(+)浓度13.70 mg·L^(-1))地表水已不适用于农业灌溉.To reveal the hydrochemical characteristics of karst wetland located in a subtropical area and at lower elevations in China,27 surface water samples were collected during three periods (wet,normal,and dry) in the Huixian karst wetland to investigate the distributions,pollution,and irrigation application of 12 inorganic ions and 10 heavy metals.Based on their concentrations,the Nemerow index and the four evaluation systems of the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR),sodium concentration (SC),permeability index(PI),and residual sodium carbonate (RSC) were applied to evaluate the pollution characteristics and irrigation application.It was found that the water type in this area was Ca^(2+)-HCO_(3)^(-)and weakly alkaline.Regarding the 12 inorganic ions and 10 heavy metals,NH_(4)^(+)exceeded the Chinese standards for drinking water with an exceedance rate of 25.93%,and the exceedance rates of Al,Mn,and Hg were 11.11%,44.44%,and 37.04%,respectively.The spatiotemporal scaling effect on inorganic ions was lower than that of heavy metals,and the distributions of the inorganic ions and heavy metals were in the order of wet period>normal period>dry period.However,the surface water quality in the Huixian karst wetland was generally well-protected based on the pollution assessment.The Nemerow index ranged from 0.75 to 2.69,which recognized the main pollution contributors as NH_(4)^(+),Mn,Al,and Hg with the contamination grade from slight pollution to moderate pollution,especially in the core area during the wet period.According to the limits of standards for irrigation water quality and environmental quality for surface water,as well as the evaluation results of the SAR,SC,PI,and RSC,the surface water in the Huixian karst wetland was generally suitable for irrigation,and the water quality in the dry period was better than that in the wet and normal periods.The surface water from site PH1 during the normal period with 19.1μg·L^(-1)of Hg and site FH8 during the wet period with 13.7 mg·L^(-1)of NH_(4)^(+)were not suitable for agricul

关 键 词：会仙岩溶湿地 地表水 常规指标 金属元素 污染 灌溉适用性 

分 类 号：X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程]