不同密度胡桃楸次生林枯落物和土壤持水特性的研究  

Water-holding Characteristics of Litter and Soil of Juglans mandshurica Natural Secondary Forest with Different Densities

作　　者：刘忠玲 刘建明 胡伟 祁永会 LIU Zhongling;LIU Jianming;HU Wei;QI Yonghui(Heilongjiang Forestry Institute,Harbin 150081,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省林业科学研究所,哈尔滨150081

出　　处：《森林工程》2021年第3期52-59,66,共9页Forest Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0600605);国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAD07B03)。

摘　　要：为探讨林分密度对胡桃楸次生林水源涵养功能的影响,以阿什河源头的帽儿山地区不同密度(840、680、480株/hm^(2))的胡桃楸次生林为研究对象,测定枯落物层的厚度和蓄积量,并采用室内浸泡法对枯落物持水量进行测定,采用环刀法对土壤持水量进行测定。结果表明:不同密度的胡桃楸天然次生林枯落物厚度、蓄积量、有效拦蓄量差异均不显著(P>0.05),枯落物厚度为3.2~3.9 cm,蓄积量为6.33~8.57 t/hm^(2),有效拦蓄量为4.39~10.44 t/hm^(2)。枯落物持水量与浸水时间呈对数函数关系(R~2>0.9881),吸水速率与浸水时间呈幂函数关系(R~2>0.9999)。在0~30 cm土壤深度,不同密度的林分土壤容重均值、非毛管孔隙度和有效持水量有显著差异(P<0.05),土壤容重变化范围为0.88~1.06 g/cm^(3),随土层深度增加而增加,土壤有效持水量范围为117.78~230.52 t/hm^(2)。840株/hm^(2)和680株/hm^(2)的林分地表层有效持水量分别显著高于480株/hm^(2)的林分71%和89%(P<0.05)。综合不同密度的胡桃楸次生林枯落物层和土壤层的持水特性,密度为840株/hm^(2)和680株/hm^(2)的林分蓄水能力较好。In order to explore the impacts of stand density on the water conservation function of Juglans mandshurica natural second forest,the thickness and storage of litter layer were measured in different densities(840,680 and 480 trees/hm^(2))of Juglans mandshurica natural second forest in Maoershan area at the source of Ashe river.The water-holding capacity of litter was measured by indoor soaking method and the soil water-holding capacity were measured by cutting method.The results showed that:there was no significant difference in litter thickness,storage and effective water-interception capacity of Juglans mandshurica natural secondary forest with different densities(P>0.05),the litter thickness was 3.2~3.9 cm,and the litter storage was 6.33~8.57 t/hm^(2),the effective water-interception capacity was 4.39~10.44 t/hm^(2).Water-holding capacity of litter had a logarithmic relation with soaking time(R~2>0.9881),and water absorption rate showed a power function with soaking time(R~2>0.9999).The soil bulk density,non-capillary porosity and effective water-holding capacity with different densities were significantly different(P<0.05)in 0~30 depth,soil bulk density was 0.88~1.06 g/cm^(3),increased with the deepening of soil,the soil effective water-holding capacity was 117.78~230.52 t/hm^(2).The effective water-holding capacity of 840 trees/hm^(2)and 680 trees/hm^(2)were 71%and 89%higher than that of 480 trees/hm^(2)respectively(P<0.05).Based on the water-holding characteristics of litter layer and soil layer of Juglans mandshurica secondary forest with different densities,the stands with densities of 840 trees/hm^(2)and 680 trees/hm^(2)had better water-holding capacity.

关 键 词：森林水文 持水特性 枯落物 土壤 胡桃楸 

分 类 号：S715.7[农业科学—林学]