2012和2018年河北省乡镇卫生院供水系统调查  

Investigation of water supply system in township hospitals of Hebei Province in 2012 and 2018

作　　者：刘毅刚[1] 安玉琴[1] 丁婷婷 裴秀坤[1] 金红[1] 袁树华[1] 张瑞琦[1] LIU Yi-gang;AN Yu-qin;DING Ting-ting;PEI Xiu-kun;JIN Hong;YUAN Shu-hua;ZHANG Rui-qi(Institute of Environmental Health Monitoring and Evaluation,Hebei Province Center for Disease Prevention and Control,Shijiazhuang Hebei,050021,China)

机构地区：[1]河北省疾病预防控制中心环境卫生监测与评价所,河北石家庄050021

出　　处：《职业与健康》2021年第4期538-541,共4页Occupation and Health

基　　金：河北省科技计划项目(162777160)。

摘　　要：目的了解2012和2018年河北省乡镇卫生院供水系统状况,为保障饮水安全、改建供水系统提供科学依据。方法采用分层随机抽样方法,全省范围抽取50所乡镇卫生院。通过查阅资料和询问调查,制定统一的调查表,调查员采用现场观察与询问相结合的方法,于2012和2018年调查相同乡镇卫生院供水系统状况。采用单因素方差分析和χ^(2)检验进行统计分析。结果 2012年使用公共供水、自建设施供水和分散式供水的乡镇卫生院比例为48.00%、42.00%和10.00%,2018年比例为50.00%、42.00%和8.00%。2012年和2018年可以提供连续供水的乡镇卫生院比例依次为71.11%和82.61%,每月用水量分别为(34.82±49.48)和(51.86±107.84)t,用水量可满足需要的乡镇卫生院比例依次为90.00%和94.00%,用水量前3位的种类为日常清洁用水、生活饮用水和医疗用水,集中式供水方式以连续供水为主,自备供水水源以地下水为主,且不消毒。2012年集中式供水方式以及自备供水的水源类型、消毒频次、水井卫生防护方式、到污染源的最近距离以及用水量满足情况、缺水情况的乡镇卫生院数量与2018年比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。2012年可以提供不同饮水设施的乡镇卫生院数量与2018年比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),2018年较2012年有所增加,2012年饮水设施以电茶炉/锅炉为主,2018年以饮水机为主,以随时供应饮水为主。结论河北省乡镇卫生院需加大集中式供水建设、改造,同时加强二次供水和自备水源消毒工作。Objective To understand the status of water supply system in township hospitals of Hebei Province in 2012 and 2018,provide scientific basis for the guarantee of safety of drinking water and the reconstruction of water supply system. Methods A total of 50 township hospitals were selected from the whole province by stratified random sampling method. A unified questionnaire was made by consulting data and inquiring investigation. The investigators surveyed the the water supply system of the same township hospitals in 2012 and 2018 using the method of field observation and inquiry. One-way ANOVA and χ^(2) were used in statistical analysis. Results The proportion of township hospitals using public water supply,self built facilities water supply and decentralized water supply was respectively 48.00%,42.00%,10.00% in 2012. However,the proportion was respectively 50.00%,42.00% and 8.00% in 2018. The proportion of township hospitals using continuous water supply was 71.11% and 82.61% in 71.11%and 82.61% respectively,the monthly water consumption was(34.82±49.48) and(51.86±107.84)t,and the proportion of township hospitals where the water consumption could meet the demand was 90.00% and 94.00% respectively. The top three types of water consumption were daily clean water,domestic drinking water and medical water. The continuous water supply was the main mode of centralized water supply. The groundwater was the main source of self provided water supply,and not be disinfected. There were no statistically significant differences in centralized water supply mode,water source type of self provided water supply,disinfection frequency,water well health protection mode,the nearest distance to the pollution source,water consumption satisfaction,and number of township hospitals with water shortage between 2012 and 2018(all P>0.05). There was statistically significant difference in the number of township health centers with different drinking water facilities between 2012 and 2018(P<0.05),and that in 2018 was increased as compared w

关 键 词：乡镇卫生院 供水系统 调查 

分 类 号：R123.5[医药卫生—环境卫生学]