义务冲突的实质法基础与义务衡量  

The Substantive Legal Basis of Obligation Conflict and Obligation Measurement

作　　者：叶良芳[1] 申屠晓莉 YE Liangfang;SHENTU Xiaoli(Guanghua Law School,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou,Zhejiang,310008)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学光华法学院,浙江杭州310008

出　　处：《安徽大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2021年第3期80-88,共9页Journal of Anhui University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“风险社会视阈下刑事立法科学性研究”(16AFX009)。

摘　　要：义务冲突的实质法基础是解决义务冲突难题的理论前提,它回答了行为人陷入冲突状态后不履行部分义务而造成法益侵害的行为何以排除犯罪的基本问题。其中,利益冲突说作为主流观点具有难以忽略的恣意性;责任根据说基于康德对义务冲突的主张,难以与现代刑法理论中的义务冲突问题相互兼容,也无法正确指明义务冲突的体系位置;身份重合说虽然站在行为人视角考察义务冲突,但无法说明义务冲突排除犯罪的根本原因。义务冲突的实质法基础应采用行为人权利说,只有承认行为人在紧急状态下的权利和自由,才能化解传统主张所无法解决的理论困境。基于行为人权利说的义务衡量应当坚持行为人本位思想。The substantive legal basis of obligation conflict is the prerequisite for solving the problem of conflicted obligations.It answers the question of how the violation of legal interests should be excluded from crime,if caused by nonfulfillment of parts of the obligation.Interest conflict theory as a mainstream opinion has an arbitrary risk that cannot be ignored.The theory of ground of responsibility is based on philosophical theory,which is difficult to be compatible with the modern criminal law;nor could it specify the correct position of that.Although identity conflict theory examines the conflict of obligations from perspective of obligor,it cannot explain the fundamental reason why it is excluded from crime.The substantive legal basis of the conflict of obligations should adopt the right theory.Only by acknowledging the rights and freedom of the perpetrator in a state of emergency can the theoretical dilemma confronting traditional claims be finally resolved.The measurement of obligations should also be obligor-based.

关 键 词：义务冲突 实质法基础 权利说 义务衡量 

分 类 号：D924[政治法律—刑法学]