重庆市某区县母乳喂养开始时间和纯母乳喂养率及其影响因素研究  

Breastfeeding begin time,exclusive breastfeeding rate and their influencing factors in a county of Chongqing City

作　　者：吴平 赵娜 刘洋铭[2] 付定娴 WU Ping;ZHAO Na;LIU Yangming;FU Dingxian(Department of Obstetrics,Kaizhou District People′s Hospital,Chongqing 405400,China;Department of Obstetrics,Hechuan District People′s Hospital,Chongqing 401520,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆市开州区人民医院产科,405400 [2]重庆市合川区人民医院产科,401520

出　　处：《重庆医学》2021年第10期1741-1745,1752,共6页Chongqing medicine

基　　金：重庆市卫生和计划生育委员医学科研计划项目(2016MSXM167)。

摘　　要：目的了解开州地区新生儿母乳喂养开始时间分布及6月龄纯母乳喂养率,并分析其影响因素。方法基于前瞻性随访研究设计,纳入2017年1-12月在重庆市开州区人民医院分娩的新生儿及其母亲,通过查阅医疗记录、48 h内面对面调查及6月龄时的电话随访调查等收集相关信息,并使用OR(95%CI)值来评价1 h内开始母乳喂养及6月龄纯母乳喂养率的影响因素。结果该地区新生儿出生后1 h内开始母乳喂养和6月龄纯母乳喂养率分别为14.18%和15.68%,4 h内开始母乳喂养率为22.66%。多因素回归分析显示,调整社会经济学特征等因素后,母亲孕期接触过母乳喂养知识可提高1 h内开始母乳喂养率(OR=2.85,95%CI:1.61~3.95)和6月龄纯母乳喂养率(OR=4.36,95%CI:2.00~7.19);出生结局如剖宫产(OR=0.68,95%CI:0.53~0.84)、5 min Apgar评分大于或等于7分(OR=1.89,95%CI:1.52~3.17)可明显影响1 h内开始母乳喂养率;母亲孕前体重指数正常者所生育婴儿6月龄纯母乳喂养率较低体重者高(OR=3.22,95%CI:1.52~4.03)。结论该地区新生儿1 h内开始母乳喂养和6月龄纯母乳喂养率均较低,孕期加强对母亲喂养知识的宣传教育、鼓励顺产、提高出生结局等措施均可能改善该地区的母乳喂养状况。Objective To understand the distribution of breastfeeding begin time and exclusive breastfeeding rate at 6-month age,and to analyze their influencing factors.Methods Based on the prospective follow-up study design,the newborns delivered in the Kaizhou District People′s Hospital from the January to December 2017 and their mothers were included.The related information was collected by referring to the medical records,face-to-face surveys within 48 h and telephone follow-up at 6-month age.The odds ratio(OR)(95%CI)value was used to evaluate the influencing factors of breastfeeding initiation within 1 h and exclusive breastfeeding at 6-month age.Results The breastfeeding rates of initiation within 1 h after birth and the 6-month age exclusive breastfeeding rate were 14.18%and 15.68%,respectively,and the rate of breastfeeding initiation within 4 h reached up to 22.66%.The multiple regression analysis showed that after adjusting the factors such as the socioeconomic characteristics,the mother contacting the breastfeeding knowledge during pregnancy could increase the rate of breastfeeding initiation within 1 h(OR=2.85,95%CI:1.61-3.95)and exclusive breastfeeding at 6-month age(OR=4.36,95%CI:2.00-7.19).The birth outcomes such as cesarean section(OR=0.68,95%CI:0.53-0.84)and 5-min Apgar score≥7 points(OR=1.89,95%CI:1.52-3.17)could significantly affect the rate of breastfeeding initiation within 1 h;the rate of exclusive breastfeeding at 6-month age in the mothers with normal body mass index before pregnancy was higher(OR=3.22,95%CI:1.52-4.03)than that who were underweight.Conclusion The rates of breastfeeding initiation with in 1 h and exclusive breastfeeding at 6-month age in the local area are relatively low.The measures such as strengthening the publicity and education of maternal feeding knowledge during pregnancy,encouraging the vaginal delivery and improving the birth outcomes may improve the infant breastfeeding status in local area.

关 键 词：前瞻性随访 母乳喂养 开始时间 纯母乳喂养 影响因素 

分 类 号：R473.3[医药卫生—护理学]