不同材料无纺布覆盖对高寒生态修复草种生长特性的影响  

Influence of mulching of different non-woven materials on the growth of alpine ecological restoration grasses

作　　者：陈白洁 王丰毅 周华坤[1] 张振华[1] CHEN Baijie;WANG Fengyi;ZHOU Huakun;ZHANG Zhenhua(Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota/Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology of Cold Area in Qinghai Province,Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology,Chinese Academy of Science,Xining 810008,Qinghai,China;University of Chinese Academy of Science,Beijing 100049,China;Huabeina(Hangzhou)wool textile dyeing and finishing Co.,Ltd.,Hangzhou 311100,Zhejiang,China;East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北高原生物研究所适应与进化重点实验室/青海省寒区恢复生态学实验室,青海西宁810008 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]华贝纳(杭州)毛纺染整有限公司,浙江杭州311100 [4]华东师范大学河口海岸学国家重点实验室,上海200062

出　　处：《草业科学》2021年第5期848-858,共11页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：青海省基础研究计划应用基础研究项目(2019-ZJ-7007);青海省重点研发与转化计划项目(2019-SF-152);国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0501802)。

摘　　要：通过探讨不同可降解无纺布对高寒地区常用生态修复草种生长特性的影响,以期能够筛选出在建植不同种类的生态修复草种时适用的无纺布材料。本研究于2019年5月,选取扁茎早熟禾(Poa pratensis)、冷地早熟禾(Poa crgmophila)、垂穗披碱草(Elymus nutans)、星星草(Puccinellia tenuiflora)和中华羊茅(Festuca sinersis)共5种常用的高寒生态修复草种,分别使用5种可降解无纺布(秸秆纤维、麻纤维和3种羊毛纤维)进行覆盖,监测草种的幼苗顶出、植株生长发育期的株高以及牧草的产量,并分析牧草品质(粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维等)。结果表明:1)秸秆纤维无纺布抑制了幼苗的顶出和生长,不适用于本研究中5种草种种植初期覆盖;2)麻纤维无纺布显著提高了扁茎早熟禾48.81%的植株高度以及中华羊茅16.59%的粗脂肪含量,却显著降低了垂穗披碱草32.73%的地上生物量以及中华羊茅14.88%的酸性洗涤纤维含量(P <0.05);3)白色厚羊毛纤维无纺布显著提高了5种牧草的植株高度(29.61%~133.70%)、地上生物量(除垂穗披碱草外,138.97%~1 023.24%),且显著提高了扁茎早熟禾9.11%的粗蛋白含量(P <0.05);4)褐色厚羊毛纤维无纺布显著提高了中华羊茅10.51%的粗蛋白含量(P <0.05);5)白色薄羊毛纤维无纺布显著提高了冷地早熟禾456.97%的地上生物量和垂穗披碱草17.41%的粗脂肪含量(P <0.05)。这对青藏高原"黑土滩"以及工程迹地等环境条件较为恶劣地区的植被恢复具有指导意义。This study aimed to explore the effects of different degradable non-woven cloths on the growth of commonly ecological restoration grasses in alpine regions,and to thus select the more suitable non-woven cloth materials for establishing different types of ecological restoration grasses.In May 2019,five commonly used alpine ecological restoration grass species,including Poa pratensis,Poa crgmophila,Elymus nutans,Puccinellia tenuiflora and Festuca sinensis,were selected,to measure the seedlings out,plant height,forage yield,and analyze forage quality(crude protein,crude fat,crude fiber,etc.)under mulches of five biodegradable non-woven fabrics(straw fiber,hemp fiber,wool fiber).Our results showed that,1)Brown straw fiber non-woven cloth is not suitable for all alpine ecological restoration grasses selected in this study due to the inhibition of seedlings out and growth;2)Compared with the control,hemp fiber non-woven fabric significantly increased the plant height of Poa pratensis by 48.81%and the crude fat content of Festuca sinersis by 16.59%,but significantly reduced the aboveground biomass of Elymus nutans by 32.73%and the acid detergent fiber content of Festuca sinersis by 14.88%;3)Compared with the control,white thick wool fiber non-woven cloth significantly increased the plant height of five forage grasses(29.61%~133.70%),the biomass of forage grasses(except Elymus nutans,138.97%~1023.24%),and the crude protein content of Poa pratensis by 9.11%;4)Compared with the control,brown thick wool fiber non-woven cloth significantly increased the crude protein content of Festuca sinersis by 10.51%;5)Compared with the control,white thin wool fiber non-woven cloth significantly increased the above-ground biomass of Poa crgmophila by 456.97%and the crude fat content of Elymus nutans by 17.41%.These results will provide a theoretical basis for ecological restoration of regions with harsher environmental conditions such as"black soil beaches"in alpine regions and engineering sites.

关 键 词：高寒草地 修复草种 无纺布材料 幼苗顶出 株高 地上生物量 

分 类 号：S812.6[农业科学—草业科学]