新型冠状病毒肺炎1∶4病例对照研究  

1∶4 case-control study on coronavirus disease 2019

作　　者：张晗希 冯一冰 肖莎[3] 刘芳 刘云儒[3] 符哲伟 杨俊 王璐[1,3] ZHANG Han-xi;FENG Yi-bing;XIAO Sha;LIU Fang;LIU Yun-ru;FU Zhe-wei;YANG Jun;WANG Lu(National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 102206,China;Yuetan Community Health Service Center,Fuxing Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University,Beijing 100045,China;School of Public Health,Hainan Medical University,Haikou 571199,China;Danzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Danzhou 571700,China;Danzhou Municipal Health Commission,Danzhou 571700,China)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心性病艾滋病预防控制中心,北京102206 [2]首都医科大学附属复兴医院月坛社区卫生服务中心,北京100045 [3]海南医学院公共卫生学院,海南海口571199 [4]儋州市疾病预防控制中心,海南儋州571700 [5]儋州市卫生健康委,海南儋州571700

出　　处：《海南医学院学报》2021年第11期801-808,共8页Journal of Hainan Medical University

摘　　要：目的:分析海南省儋州市新冠肺炎感染的可能危险因素,为制定防控策略提供科学依据。方法:按照配比病例对照研究方法,分别以儋州居民、海口居民和北京居民为健康对照组,按照性别相同、民族相同、年龄±2岁进行1∶4配比。问卷调查的主要内容包括社会人口学特征、日常生活习惯,饮食习惯,家庭环境以及旅居史及接触史等。结果:本研究中病例组为14例新冠肺炎确诊病例,健康对照组为56例(儋州28例,海口和北京各14例)。日常生活习惯的对比中发现,病例组经常锻炼的调查对象占85.7%(12/14),锻炼场所以小区绿地为主;儋州和海口地区对照组的锻炼场所以小区绿地或公园为主;而北京地区以健身房或球类场馆为主。饮食习惯的调查中发现,北京地区对照组在与家人或他人聚餐时使用公筷公勺的比例相对病例组较高。分析病例组与各个地区的健康对照组的旅居史及接触史,结果显示,病例组的武汉或其他病例持续传播地区的旅居史或接触史高于健康对照组。结论:对于传染性疾病,接触史是最主要的感染危险因素,生活习惯等差异相对于接触史的影响可能较小,且个体特异性强,不易被发现。在今后的研究中,对于传染性疾病的病例对照研究要谨慎选择配比变量,并更全面地调查可能的危险因素,为应对新发疫情提供相应的科学依据。Objective:To analyze the risk factors of COVID-19 infection in Danzhou,Hainan province.Methods:Casecontrol study was used,and the 1∶4 control group of healthy residents in Danzhou,Haikou,and Beijing were selected based on the matching conditions,including the same gender,nationality,and age±2 years.The main contents of the questionnaire included living habits,dietary habits,living environment,and exposure history.Results:There were 14 COVID-19 patients.And the control group included 56 residents from Danzhou(n=28),Haikou and Beijing(n=14).It was found that 85.7%(12/14)of the subjects in the case group exercise regularly.The exercise places were mainly community parks in Danzhou and Haikou,while mainly gyms or stadiums in Beijing.For dietary habits,the control group in Beijing tended to use serving chopsticks when having dinner with family members or others than that in the case group(50.0%vs.21.4%,78.6%vs.35.7%).The results of exposure history showed that living in Wuhan or other cities with case reports in recent two months,contacting people who had living history in Wuhan or other cities with case reports in recent two months,and contacted people who confirmed COVID-19 infection or had symptoms in recent two months were risk factors.Conclusion:For infectious diseases,exposure history was the most important risk factor.The influence of lifestyle differences may be smaller compared to exposure,and the individual specificity might lead to the infection-related factors,which is difficult to be found.In future studies,matching variables should be carefully selected in the case-control study of infectious diseases,and possible risk factors should be more comprehensively investigated.

关 键 词：病例对照研究 新冠肺炎 影响因素 

分 类 号：R563.1[医药卫生—呼吸系统]